Wei Jianwen, Li Shuanglong, Han Yang, Fu Wangqian
School of Sociology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 7;13:813620. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.813620. eCollection 2022.
China is experiencing high social inequality accompanying influential education reforms. The Independent Freshmen Admission (IFA) policy was one of the multiple strategies in higher education reforms in China against the social context of high social inequality and the expansion of higher education. By comparing students admitted through IFA with those admitted by the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE), we examined how family advantages contributed to higher education inequality in terms of educational opportunity, process, and results. Using data from an elite university in Beijing, we found that: (1) Family advantages improved a student's likelihood of being admitted through IFA, exhibiting opportunity inequality. (2) No significant difference in academic grades existed between the students admitted through IFA and NCEE. In comprehensive quality, however, those recruited through IFA performed significantly better than those admitted through NCEE. (3) Family social capital not only increased the likelihood of students being admitted through IFA but also, through direct and indirect effects, increased their comprehensive quality performance in terms of receiving student association and social practice awards.
中国在进行具有影响力的教育改革的同时，也面临着高度的社会不平等。自主选拔录取政策是中国高等教育改革针对高度社会不平等和高等教育扩张的社会背景所采取的多种策略之一。通过将自主选拔录取的学生与通过全国高考录取的学生进行比较，我们考察了家庭优势在教育机会、过程和结果方面是如何导致高等教育不平等的。利用来自北京一所精英大学的数据，我们发现：（1）家庭优势提高了学生通过自主选拔录取的可能性，呈现出机会不平等。（2）通过自主选拔录取的学生与通过全国高考录取的学生在学业成绩上没有显著差异。然而，在综合素质方面，通过自主选拔录取的学生表现明显优于通过全国高考录取的学生。（3）家庭社会资本不仅增加了学生通过自主选拔录取的可能性，还通过直接和间接影响，提高了他们在获得学生社团和社会实践奖项方面的综合素质表现。
