Hu Junxiang, Airapetian Vladimir S, Li Gang, Zank Gary, Jin Meng
Department of Space Science and CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/SEEC, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
Sci Adv. 2022 Mar 25;8(12):eabi9743. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9743.
Discovery of frequent superflares on active cool stars opened a new avenue in understanding the properties of eruptive events and their impact on exoplanetary environments. Solar data suggest that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) should be associated with superflares on active solar-like planet hosts and produce solar/stellar energetic particle (SEP/StEP) events. Here, we apply the 2D Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Heliosphere model to simulate the SEPs accelerated via CME-driven shocks from the Sun and young solar-like stars. We derive the scaling of SEP fluence and hardness of energy spectra with CME speed and associated flare energy. These results have crucial implications for the prebiotic chemistry and expected atmospheric biosignatures from young rocky exoplanets as well as the chemistry and isotopic composition of circumstellar disks around infant solar-like stars.
在活跃的低温恒星上频繁发现超级耀斑，为理解爆发事件的性质及其对外行星环境的影响开辟了一条新途径。太阳数据表明，日冕物质抛射（CMEs）应该与类似太阳的活跃行星宿主上的超级耀斑相关联，并产生太阳/恒星高能粒子（SEP/StEP）事件。在这里，我们应用日球层二维粒子加速和传输模型，来模拟由太阳和年轻的类似太阳恒星的CME驱动激波加速的SEP。我们推导了SEP注量和能谱硬度与CME速度及相关耀斑能量的标度关系。这些结果对于年轻岩石系外行星的前生物化学和预期的大气生物特征，以及婴儿期类似太阳恒星周围星际盘的化学和同位素组成具有至关重要的意义。
