Owens R A, Hartman P E
Environ Mutagen. 1986;8(5):659-73. doi: 10.1002/em.2860080503.
Cultures of some aerobically grown strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli contain up to 24 microM extracellular glutathione (GSH) [Owens RO, Hartman PE (1985): Environ Mutagen 7(Suppl 3): 47] in addition to having intracellular GSH concentrations in the millimolar range. The addition of 26 microM GSH to cultures of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1534 partially protected the bacteria from the toxic effects causing growth delay by 54 microM N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). When MNNG was preincubated with equimolar GSH, the mutagenicity of the MNNG was neutralized. The addition of micromolar GSH to cultures of an Escherichia coli GSH- strain protected the cells from growth inhibition by micromolar concentrations of mercuric chloride, methyl mercuric chloride, silver nitrate, cisplatin, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, and iodoacetamide. In the cases of mercuric chloride, cisplatin, MNNG, silver nitrate, and iodoacetamide, reaction products with GSH were detected by paper chromatography. In contrast to reduced GSH, micromolar concentrations of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) provided little or no protection and formed no detectable reaction products. Export of GSH by enteric bacteria may provide an important defense mechanism against exogenous toxic agents otherwise active in the micromolar range.
一些需氧培养的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌菌株的培养物，除了细胞内谷胱甘肽（GSH）浓度处于毫摩尔范围外，还含有高达24微摩尔的细胞外谷胱甘肽（GSH）[欧文斯RO，哈特曼PE（1985）：《环境诱变剂》7（增刊3）：47]。向鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA1534菌株的培养物中添加26微摩尔的GSH，可部分保护细菌免受54微摩尔N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍（MNNG）造成生长延迟的毒性作用。当MNNG与等摩尔的GSH预孵育时，MNNG的致突变性被中和。向大肠杆菌GSH-菌株的培养物中添加微摩尔浓度的GSH，可保护细胞免受微摩尔浓度的氯化汞、甲基氯化汞、硝酸银、顺铂、氯化镉、硫酸镉和碘乙酰胺的生长抑制。在氯化汞、顺铂、MNNG、硝酸银和碘乙酰胺的情况下，通过纸色谱法检测到了与GSH的反应产物。与还原型GSH相反，微摩尔浓度的氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）几乎没有提供保护作用，也没有形成可检测到的反应产物。肠道细菌分泌GSH可能提供了一种重要的防御机制，以抵御原本在微摩尔范围内具有活性的外源毒性剂。
