University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Molecules. 2022 Mar 16;27(6):1935. doi: 10.3390/molecules27061935.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been introduced to deal with different types of water pollution. They cause effective chemical destruction of pollutants, yet leading to a mixture of transformation by-products, rather than complete mineralization. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand complex degradation processes induced by different AOPs from chemical and ecotoxicological point of view. Phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol were used as model pollutants since they are still common industrial chemicals and thus encountered in the aquatic environment. A comprehensive study of efficiency of several AOPs was undertaken by using instrumental analyses along with ecotoxicological assessment. Four approaches were compared: ozonation, photocatalytic oxidation with immobilized nitrogen-doped TiO thin films, the sequence of both, as well as electrooxidation on boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes. The monitored parameters were: removal of target phenols, dechlorination, transformation products, and ecotoxicological impact. Therefore, HPLC-DAD, GC-MS, UHPLC-MS/MS, ion chromatography, and 48 h inhibition tests on were applied. In addition, pH and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured. Results show that ozonation provides by far the most suitable pattern of degradation accompanied by rapid detoxification. In contrast, photocatalysis was found to be slow and mild, marked by the accumulation of aromatic products. Preozonation reinforces the photocatalytic process. Regarding the electrooxidations, BDD is more effective than MMO, while the degradation pattern and transformation products formed depend on supporting electrolyte.
高级氧化工艺（AOPs）已被引入用于处理不同类型的水污染。它们可以有效地化学破坏污染物，但会导致污染物转化产物的混合物，而不是完全矿化。因此，我们的研究旨在从化学和生态毒理学的角度了解不同 AOPs 引起的复杂降解过程。酚、2,4-二氯酚和五氯酚被用作模型污染物，因为它们仍然是常见的工业化学品，因此会在水生环境中遇到。通过使用仪器分析和生态毒理学评估，对几种 AOP 的效率进行了综合研究。比较了四种方法：臭氧氧化、固定化氮掺杂 TiO 薄膜光催化氧化、两者的顺序，以及硼掺杂金刚石（BDD）和混合金属氧化物（MMO）阳极的电氧化。监测的参数包括：目标酚的去除、脱氯、转化产物和生态毒性影响。因此，应用了 HPLC-DAD、GC-MS、UHPLC-MS/MS、离子色谱和 48 h 抑制试验。此外，还测量了 pH 值和总有机碳（TOC）。结果表明，臭氧氧化提供了迄今为止最适合的降解模式，同时迅速解毒。相比之下，光催化被发现缓慢而温和，以芳香产物的积累为特征。预臭氧化增强了光催化过程。关于电氧化，BDD 比 MMO 更有效，而降解模式和形成的转化产物取决于支持电解质。
