Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética (INBIO G+C), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jan;25(2):1670-1682. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0602-1. Epub 2017 Nov 3.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological efficiency of two advanced ozonation processes (AOzPs), the catalytic ozonation (O/TiO) and the photocatalytic ozonation (O/TiO/black light), in the remotion of carbamazepine. The ecotoxicological efficiency was assessed through the use of lethal and sublethal assays with species Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna. Results demonstrated that the AOzPs presented an efficiency of carbamazepine removal higher than 99% (carbamazepine < 2 μg/L) after 12 min of treatment. Relatively to ecotoxicological evaluation, application of acute assay to V. fischeri and chronic assay to D. magna allowed us to highlight that these technologies may form some transformation products that induce toxicity in the bacteria and the crustacean, once these organisms exposed to the undiluted solutions (100%) showed a decrease in the bioluminescence (vibrio) and end up dying before and during the first reproduction (daphnia). Despite that, when the chronic results obtained with the diluted solutions (50 and 25%; important to assess a more realistic scenario considering the dilution factor at the environment) were analyzed, no mortality at the mothers was observed. Compared to a carbamazepine solution (200 μg/L), diluted solutions improved of the reproduction parameters, and no toxic effects in the juvenoid system and in the embryonic development were observed. Relatively to the ecdysteroid effect of a carbamazepine solution (200 μg/L), only the photocatalytic ozonation treatment was able to remove the action of the drug. These results highlight the importance of complementing chemical analysis with ecotoxicological bioassays to assess the best technology to improve the surface water and effluent quality.
本研究旨在评估两种高级臭氧氧化工艺（AOzPs），即催化臭氧氧化（O/TiO）和光催化臭氧氧化（O/TiO/黑光灯），在去除卡马西平方面的生态毒理学效率。通过使用发光菌（Vibrio fischeri）和大型蚤（Daphnia magna）的致死和亚致死测定来评估生态毒理学效率。结果表明，在 12 分钟的处理后，AOzPs 对卡马西平的去除效率高于 99%（卡马西平 < 2μg/L）。相对生态毒理学评价，应用急性测定法（V. fischeri）和慢性测定法（D. magna），我们可以强调这些技术可能会形成一些转化产物，这些产物会对细菌和甲壳类动物产生毒性，因为这些生物体暴露于未稀释的溶液（100%）中时，生物发光（弧菌）会下降，并且在第一次繁殖之前和期间死亡（大型蚤）。尽管如此，当用稀释溶液（50%和 25%）获得慢性结果时，没有观察到母体死亡。与卡马西平溶液（200μg/L）相比，稀释溶液改善了繁殖参数，并且在幼体系统和胚胎发育中没有观察到毒性作用。相对卡马西平溶液（200μg/L）的蜕皮甾酮效应，只有光催化臭氧氧化处理才能去除药物的作用。这些结果强调了用生态毒理学生物测定法补充化学分析以评估改善地表水和废水质量的最佳技术的重要性。
