Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France.
Laboratoire des Matériaux Utiles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physicochimique Technopole de Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia.
Molecules. 2022 Mar 21;27(6):2014. doi: 10.3390/molecules27062014.
The olive oil industry is subject to significant fraudulent practices that can lead to serious economic implications and even affect consumer health. Therefore, many analytical strategies have been developed for olive oil's geographic authentication, including multi-elemental and isotopic analyses. In the first part of this review, the range of multi-elemental concentrations recorded in olive oil from the main olive oil-producing countries is discussed. The compiled data from the literature indicates that the concentrations of elements are in comparable ranges overall. They can be classified into three categories, with (1) Rb and Pb well below 1 µg kg; (2) elements such as As, B, Mn, Ni, and Sr ranging on average between 10 and 100 µg kg; and (3) elements including Cr, Fe, and Ca ranging between 100 to 10,000 µg kg. Various sample preparations, detection techniques, and statistical data treatments were reviewed and discussed. Results obtained through the selected analytical approaches have demonstrated a strong correlation between the multi-elemental composition of the oil and that of the soil in which the plant grew. The review next focused on the limits of olive oil authentication using the multi-elemental composition method. Finally, different methods based on isotopic signatures were compiled and critically assessed. Stable isotopes of light elements have provided acceptable segregation of oils from different origins for years already. More recently, the determination of stable isotopes of strontium has proven to be a reliable tool in determining the geographical origin of food products. The ratio Sr/Sr is stable over time and directly related to soil geology; it merits further study and is likely to become part of the standard tool kit for olive oil origin determination, along with a combination of different isotopic approaches and multi-elemental composition.
橄榄油行业存在着大量的欺诈行为，这些行为可能会导致严重的经济影响，甚至影响消费者的健康。因此，已经开发了许多用于橄榄油地理认证的分析策略，包括多元素和同位素分析。在这篇综述的第一部分，讨论了橄榄油中主要橄榄油生产国的多元素浓度范围。从文献中汇编的数据表明，元素的浓度总体上处于可比范围内。它们可以分为三类，（1）Rb 和 Pb 的浓度远低于 1μg/kg；（2）As、B、Mn、Ni 和 Sr 等元素的浓度平均在 10 到 100μg/kg 之间；（3）Cr、Fe 和 Ca 等元素的浓度在 100 到 10000μg/kg 之间。综述中还讨论了各种样品制备、检测技术和统计数据处理。通过选择的分析方法获得的结果表明，油的多元素组成与植物生长的土壤的多元素组成之间存在很强的相关性。综述接下来集中讨论了使用多元素组成方法进行橄榄油认证的局限性。最后，编译并批判性评估了基于同位素特征的不同方法。多年来，轻元素的稳定同位素已经为不同来源的油提供了可接受的分离。最近，锶稳定同位素的测定已被证明是确定食品产地的可靠工具。Sr/Sr 比值在时间上是稳定的，与土壤地质直接相关；它值得进一步研究，可能成为橄榄油产地确定的标准工具包的一部分，与不同同位素方法和多元素组成的组合一起使用。
