An Huanli, Gan Tian, Tang Ming, Chen Hui
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Microorganisms. 2022 Feb 24;10(3):503. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10030503.
is a fungal symbiont of the Chinese white pine beetle () and a pathogen of the Chinese white pine () that must overcome the terpenoid oleoresin defenses of host trees to invade and colonize. responds to monoterpene flow with abundant mechanisms that include the decomposing and use of these compounds as a nitrogen source. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays a central role in both plants and animals through integration of nutrients, energies, hormones, growth factors and environmental inputs to control proliferation, growth and metabolism in diverse multicellular organisms. In this study, in order to explore the relationship between gene and carbon sources, nitrogen sources, host nutrients and host volatiles (monoterpenoids) in , we set up eight carbon source treatments, ten nitrogen source treatments, two host nutrients and six monoterpenoids (5%, 10% and 20%) treatments, and prepared different media conditions. By measuring the biomass and growth rate of mycelium, the results revealed that, on the whole, the response of to nitrogen sources was better than carbon sources, and the fungus grew well in maltose (carbon source), (NH)CO (inorganic nitrogen source), asparagine (organic nitrogen source) and (host nutrient) versus other treatments. Then, by analyzing the relationship between expression and different nutrients, the data showed that: (i) expression exhibited negative regulation in response to carbon sources and host nutrition. (ii) The treatments of nitrogen sources and terpenoids had positively regulatory effects on gene; moreover, the fungus was most sensitive to β-pinene and 3-carene. In conclusion, our findings reveal that in plays a key role in the utilization of host volatiles as nutrient intake, overcoming the physical and chemical host resistances and successful colonization.
是中国白松甲虫的真菌共生体，也是中国白松的病原体，它必须克服寄主树木的萜类油脂防御才能侵入和定殖。通过多种机制对单萜流做出反应，这些机制包括分解并将这些化合物用作氮源。雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）是一种在进化上保守的蛋白激酶，通过整合营养、能量、激素、生长因子和环境输入，在植物和动物中都发挥着核心作用，以控制多种多细胞生物中的增殖、生长和代谢。在本研究中，为了探究该基因与碳源、氮源、寄主营养和寄主挥发物（单萜类）之间的关系，我们设置了八种碳源处理、十种氮源处理、两种寄主营养和六种单萜类（5%、10%和20%）处理，并制备了不同的培养基条件。通过测量菌丝体的生物量和生长速率，结果表明，总体而言，对氮源的反应优于碳源，该真菌在麦芽糖（碳源）、（NH₄）₂CO₃（无机氮源）、天冬酰胺（有机氮源）和（寄主营养）中比其他处理生长得更好。然后，通过分析该基因表达与不同营养物质之间的关系，数据显示：（i）该基因表达对碳源和寄主营养呈负调控。（ii）氮源和萜类处理对该基因有正调控作用；此外，该真菌对β-蒎烯和3-蒈烯最敏感。总之，我们的研究结果表明，该真菌中的该基因在利用寄主挥发物作为营养摄入、克服寄主的物理和化学抗性以及成功定殖方面发挥着关键作用。
