Li Zhaoxia, Zhang Juren
Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 11;11(6):755. doi: 10.3390/plants11060755.
Maize is a staple food, feed, and industrial crop. One of the major stresses on maize production is heat stress, which is usually accompanied by other stresses, such as drought or salinity. In this review, we compared the effects of high temperatures on maize production in China. Heat stress disturbs cellular homeostasis and impedes growth and development in plants. Plants have evolved a variety of responses to minimize the damage related to high temperatures. This review summarized the responses in different cell organelles at elevated temperatures, including transcriptional regulation control in the nuclei, unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), photosynthesis in the chloroplast, and other cell activities. Cells coordinate their activities to mediate the collective stresses of unfavorable environments. Accordingly, we evaluated heat stress at the local and systemic levels in in maize. We discussed the physiological and morphological changes in sensing tissues in response to heat stress in maize and the existing knowledge on systemically acquired acclimation in plants. Finally, we discussed the challenges and prospects of promoting corn thermotolerance by breeding and genetic manipulation.
玉米是一种主食、饲料和工业作物。玉米生产面临的主要胁迫之一是热胁迫，通常还伴随着其他胁迫，如干旱或盐胁迫。在本综述中，我们比较了高温对中国玉米生产的影响。热胁迫扰乱细胞内稳态，阻碍植物的生长发育。植物已经进化出多种反应来尽量减少与高温相关的损害。本综述总结了高温下不同细胞器的反应，包括细胞核中的转录调控、内质网中的未折叠蛋白反应和内质网相关蛋白质量控制、叶绿体中的光合作用以及其他细胞活动。细胞协调它们的活动以介导不利环境的综合胁迫。因此，我们评估了玉米在局部和系统水平上的热胁迫。我们讨论了玉米感受组织对热胁迫的生理和形态变化以及植物系统获得性适应的现有知识。最后，我们讨论了通过育种和基因操作提高玉米耐热性的挑战和前景。
