Mertoğlu Kerem, Akkurt Emre, Evrenosoğlu Yasemin, Çolak Ayşen Melda, Esatbeyoglu Tuba
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26160 Eskisehir, Turkey.
Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 14;11(6):771. doi: 10.3390/plants11060771.
Early varieties with a short active vegetation period are not exposed to abiotic stress factors for instance drought, high temperature, etc., caused by global climate change, and biotic stress factors such as codling moth () and apple scab () that cause serious economic losses. Therefore, their places are extremely important regarding sustainable, economical and quality production. In this context, four early varieties of apple ('Vista Bella', 'Summer Red', 'Williams Pride' and 'Jersey Mac') grown in Eskisehir-Turkey where has continental climate were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. The difference observed in flowering and harvest times between years showed that average air temperatures are essential on phenological characteristics. Furthermore, high temperature accelerates development physiology of fruit. Major important characteristics, namely, fruit length, width, weight, soluble solid content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C and total phenolic content were found in the range of 39.19-50.88 mm, 51.48-60.81 mm, 80.59-86.16 g, 11.87-12.19%, 50.69-80.57%, 2.24-4.79 mg 100 mL and 259.23-871.42 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) L, respectively. 'Summer Red' and 'Williams Pride' varieties were found to be good in terms of pomological characteristics, while 'Vista Bella' came to the fore with its chemical properties. On the other hand, 'Jersey Mac' has shown superior performance in terms of both pomological and chemical characteristics. Pomological characteristics are affected more by ecological differences, while chemical characteristics vary according to the changes in the pomological properties. Pomological characteristics were found to have a significant positive correlation with each other but negatively correlated with chemical characteristics.
具有较短活跃营养生长期的早熟品种不会受到全球气候变化引起的非生物胁迫因素（如干旱、高温等）以及导致严重经济损失的生物胁迫因素（如苹果蠹蛾和苹果黑星病）的影响。因此，它们对于可持续、经济和优质生产极为重要。在此背景下，对生长在土耳其埃斯基谢希尔（具有大陆性气候）的四个早熟苹果品种（“维斯塔·贝拉”、“夏红”、“威廉姆斯骄傲”和“泽西麦克”）进行了园艺特性方面的表征。年份间在开花和收获时间上观察到的差异表明，平均气温对物候特性至关重要。此外，高温会加速果实的发育生理。主要重要特性，即果实长度、宽度、重量、可溶性固形物含量、抗氧化活性、维生素C和总酚含量分别在39.19 - 50.88毫米、51.48 - 60.81毫米、80.59 - 86.16克、11.87 - 12.19%、50.69 - 80.57%、2.24 - 4.79毫克/100毫升和259.23 - 871.42毫克没食子酸当量/升的范围内。“夏红”和“威廉姆斯骄傲”品种在果实学特性方面表现良好，而“维斯塔·贝拉”在化学特性方面较为突出。另一方面，“泽西麦克”在果实学和化学特性方面均表现出卓越性能。果实学特性受生态差异影响更大，而化学特性则根据果实学特性的变化而变化。果实学特性之间存在显著正相关，但与化学特性呈负相关。
