Ficzek Gitta, Mehmeti Sherif, Bujdosó Géza, Magyar Ágnes, Simon Gergely
Institute of Horticultural Science, Department of Fruit Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 29-43. Villányi Str., 1118 Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Horticultural Science, Research Centre for Fruit Groweing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2. Park Str., 1223 Budapest, Hungary.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 30;14(13):2005. doi: 10.3390/plants14132005.
Local apple ( Borkh.) cultivars with tolerance to environmental stress factors must be re-evaluated. While the cultivation of apple trees has a long-standing tradition in Hungary, only a handful of cultivars are produced on a large scale, reflecting a trend in global apple production. The most commonly cultivated apple cultivars worldwide include 'Golden Delicious', 'Red Delicious', 'Gala', 'Fuji', and 'Granny Smith' (with 'Jonagold' and 'Idared' being significant in Europe). As a result, genetic diversity among apple cultivars has decreased significantly, which has increased the risk of epidemics if a new pathogen appears. Nonetheless, old and local apple cultivars of the Carpathian Basin have adapted well to Hungarian environmental stress factors and pathogens and seem tolerant to them. In this study, fruit analyses and consumer evaluations of eighteen old, local apple cultivars were conducted. Various physicochemical parameters, such as fruit mass, firmness, total soluble solid content, and total acid content, as well as the content of some biological active compounds, including polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and pectin content, were determined. Additionally, a consumer evaluation was carried out. Based on the results, most of the old, local apple cultivars exhibit high fruit quality and offer considerable health benefits. The proportion of biologically active compounds in these cultivars is equal to or higher than that in the reference cultivar 'Watson Jonathan'. Based on the excellent fruit quality and consumer preferences, the 'Harang alma' (an attractive fruit exhibiting high FRAP values) and 'Marosszéki piros' (with firm flesh and a high pectin content and being particularly tasty) cultivars are recommended for backyard gardens.
必须重新评估对环境胁迫因素具有耐受性的本地苹果（Borkh.）品种。虽然匈牙利有着悠久的苹果树种植传统，但只有少数品种进行大规模生产，这反映了全球苹果生产的一种趋势。全球最常种植的苹果品种包括“金冠”、“红冠”、“嘎啦”、“富士”和“澳洲青苹”（“乔纳金”和“艾达红”在欧洲也很重要）。结果，苹果品种之间的遗传多样性显著降低，如果出现新的病原体，这增加了流行病的风险。尽管如此，喀尔巴阡盆地的古老本地苹果品种已经很好地适应了匈牙利的环境胁迫因素和病原体，并且似乎对它们具有耐受性。在本研究中，对18个古老本地苹果品种进行了果实分析和消费者评价。测定了各种理化参数，如果实重量、硬度、总可溶性固形物含量和总酸含量，以及一些生物活性化合物的含量，包括多酚含量、抗氧化能力（FRAP）和果胶含量。此外，还进行了消费者评价。根据结果，大多数古老本地苹果品种表现出高品质的果实，并具有相当大的健康益处。这些品种中生物活性化合物的比例等于或高于对照品种“沃森·乔纳森”。基于优异的果实品质和消费者偏好，推荐“哈朗苹果”（一种具有高FRAP值的诱人果实）和“马罗斯泽基红苹果”（果肉坚硬，果胶含量高，特别美味）品种用于后院种植。
