Chaulin Aleksey M
Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya Street, Samara Region, 443099 Samara, Russia.
Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya Street, Samara Region, 443099 Samara, Russia.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Mar 11;11(3):429. doi: 10.3390/biology11030429.
Understanding of the biology of endo- and exogenous molecules, in particular their metabolism, is not only of great theoretical importance, but also of high practical significance, since many molecules serve as drug targets or markers for the laboratory diagnostics of many human diseases. Thus, cardiac troponin (cTns) molecules have long been used as key markers for the confirmation of diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), and with the introduction of contemporary (high sensitivity) test methods, many of our concepts related to the biology of these cardiac markers have changed significantly. In current clinical practice, there are opening new promising diagnostic capabilities of cTns, the understanding and justification of which is closely connected with the theoretical principles of the metabolism of these molecules. However, today, the biology and metabolism of cTns have not been properly investigated; in particular, we do not know the precise mechanisms of release of these molecules from the myocardial cells (MCs) of healthy people and the mechanisms of circulation, and the elimination of cTns from the bloodstream. The main purpose of this manuscript is to systematize information about the biology of cTns, with an emphasis on the metabolism of cTns. The format of this paper, starting with the release of cTns in the blood and concluding with the metabolism/filtration of troponins, provides a comprehensive yet logically easy way for the readers to approach our current knowledge in the framework of understanding the basic mechanisms by which cTns are produced and processed. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the current literature, the important role of biology and all stages of metabolism (release, circulation, removal) of cTns in laboratory diagnostics should be noted. It is necessary to continue studying the biology and metabolism of cTns, because this will improve the differential diagnosis of MI and i a new application of cTns immunoassays in current clinical practice.
了解内源性和外源性分子的生物学特性，尤其是它们的代谢过程，不仅具有重大的理论意义，而且具有很高的实际意义，因为许多分子可作为药物靶点或多种人类疾病实验室诊断的标志物。因此，心肌肌钙蛋白（cTn）分子长期以来一直被用作确诊心肌梗死（MI）的关键标志物，随着当代（高灵敏度）检测方法的引入，我们许多与这些心脏标志物生物学相关的概念发生了显著变化。在当前临床实践中，cTn展现出了新的、有前景的诊断能力，对其的理解和论证与这些分子代谢的理论原则密切相关。然而，如今cTn的生物学特性和代谢过程尚未得到充分研究；特别是，我们不知道这些分子从健康人心肌细胞（MC）中释放的精确机制、循环机制以及从血液中清除cTn的机制。本手稿的主要目的是系统整理有关cTn生物学的信息，重点是cTn的代谢。本文的结构，从cTn在血液中的释放开始，以肌钙蛋白的代谢/过滤结束，为读者提供了一种全面且逻辑清晰的方式，以便在理解cTn产生和处理的基本机制框架内了解我们目前的知识。结论。基于对当前文献的分析，应注意到cTn生物学及其代谢的所有阶段（释放、循环、清除）在实验室诊断中的重要作用。有必要继续研究cTn的生物学特性和代谢，因为这将改善MI的鉴别诊断，并在当前临床实践中为cTn免疫测定开辟新的应用。
