婴儿患者的喘鸣

Stridor in the Infant Patient.

作者信息

Zalzal Habib G, Zalzal George H

机构信息

Division of Otolaryngology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

出版信息

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022 Apr;69(2):301-317. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2021.12.003.

DOI:10.1016/j.pcl.2021.12.003

PMID:35337541

Abstract

Stridor is a high-pitched extrathoracic noise associated with turbulent airflow, commonly associated with respiratory distress in infants. Workup for stridor requires evaluation of the upper-respiratory airway, with severe distress requiring evaluation under anesthesia. The differential diagnosis of stridor depends on location of the obstruction, age of the patient, and acuity of the symptoms. The most common reason is laryngomalacia; most patients can be managed conservatively with resolution of symptoms by 2 years of age. In children who do not improve or have severe disease, supraglottoplasty is the treatment of choice, and the majority will have resolution of stridor postoperatively.

摘要

喘鸣是一种与气流紊乱相关的高音调胸外杂音，常见于婴儿呼吸窘迫。对喘鸣的检查需要对上呼吸道进行评估，严重窘迫时需要在麻醉下进行评估。喘鸣的鉴别诊断取决于梗阻部位、患者年龄和症状的严重程度。最常见的原因是喉软化症；大多数患者可采用保守治疗，症状在2岁时可缓解。对于没有改善或患有严重疾病的儿童，声门上成形术是首选治疗方法，大多数患者术后喘鸣症状会缓解。