Genco R J, Christersson L A, Zambon J J
Int Dent J. 1986 Sep;36(3):168-76.
Juvenile periodontitis occurs in children and young adults and can be classified into: periodontitis which occurs in otherwise healthy individuals, and periodontitis which occurs in juveniles with systemic disease. The periodontitis which occurs in otherwise healthy individuals consists of two major forms: juvenile periodontitis, also called periodontosis or localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and generalized juvenile periodontitis which includes early onset adult periodontitis, recurrent necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and the true generalized form of juvenile periodontitis. Periodontitis in systemically diseased individuals can be divided into three subgroups: juvenile periodontitis associated with primary neutrophil disorders, juvenile periodontal disease in which neutrophils are secondarily abnormal, and juvenile periodontitis associated with other diseases. Juvenile periodontitis is perhaps the best understood form of periodontal disease. A major infecting organism, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is strongly associated with the disease, and may be an exogenous pathogen since it is not found in healthy individuals or in healthy sites in LJP patients. It is virulent with marked leukaggressive properties and it induces a marked antibody response in infected patients. Eradication of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans requires attention to the fact that it invades the tissue and hence systemic antimicrobials or surgical excision of the tissues is necessary for eradication. Marked suppression of the organism from subgingival sites is associated with healing. Host responses in LJP have also been well described and most immune functions studied appear to be normal. The notable exception is neutrophil chemotaxis which is depressed. Associated with depressed neutrophil chemotaxis is a reduction of neutrophil receptors for several chemotactic factors including C5a, the fifth component of complement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
青少年牙周炎发生于儿童和年轻人，可分为：发生于健康个体的牙周炎，以及发生于患有全身性疾病青少年的牙周炎。发生于健康个体的牙周炎主要有两种形式：青少年牙周炎，也称为牙周变性或局限性青少年牙周炎（LJP），以及广泛性青少年牙周炎，其中包括早发性成人牙周炎、复发性坏死性溃疡性牙周炎和真正的广泛性青少年牙周炎。全身性疾病个体的牙周炎可分为三个亚组：与原发性中性粒细胞疾病相关的青少年牙周炎、中性粒细胞继发性异常的青少年牙周疾病，以及与其他疾病相关的青少年牙周炎。青少年牙周炎可能是人们了解最多的牙周疾病形式。一种主要的感染病原体——伴放线放线杆菌与该疾病密切相关，并且可能是一种外源性病原体，因为在健康个体或LJP患者的健康部位未发现该菌。它具有毒性，具有显著的白细胞侵袭特性，并且在感染患者中会引发明显的抗体反应。根除伴放线放线杆菌需要注意其会侵入组织，因此根除需要全身使用抗菌药物或手术切除组织。从龈下部位显著抑制该菌与愈合相关。LJP中的宿主反应也有详细描述，大多数研究的免疫功能似乎正常。明显的例外是中性粒细胞趋化性降低。与中性粒细胞趋化性降低相关的是，包括补体第五成分C5a在内的几种趋化因子的中性粒细胞受体减少。（摘要截选至250词）
