Teixeira Bezerra Thayllan, Oliveira de Almeida Mayara, Maria de Amorim Lima Nayane, Lúcia de Castro Rodrigues Naya, Gomes Pereira Ribeiro Viviane, Jania Teixeira Maria, Carbone Luigi, Mele Giuseppe, Lomonaco Diego, Elaine Mazzetto Selma
Laboratório de Produtos e Tecnologia em Processos (LPT), Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica (DQOI), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455-900, Brazil.
Laboratório de Produtos e Tecnologia em Processos (LPT), Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica (DQOI), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455-900, Brazil.
Int J Pharm. 2022 May 10;619:121698. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121698. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
The search for effective and less toxic drugs for the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is desirable due to the emergence of resistant parasites. The present study shows the preparation, characterization and in vitro antileishmanial activity of green-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Cashew Nutshell Liquid (CNSL, main constituents: anacardic acid (AA) and cardol (CD). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved by reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of anacardic acid or cardol under microwave irradiation (400 W, 60 °C, 5 min) resulting in AgAA and AgCD. In vitro assay showed opposite effects for AgAA and AgCD. While AgAA is highly toxic to macrophages (CC = 6.910 µg mL) and almost non-toxic for L.braziliensis (IC = 86.61 µg mL), AgCD results very selective toward killing the parasite (CC = 195.0 µg mL, IC = 11.54 µg mL). AA's higher polarity and conical shape easily promote cell lysis by increasing cell permeability, while CD has a protective effect: for that reason, AA and AgAA were not further used for tests. CD (EC = 2.906 µg mL) had higher ability to kill intracellular amastigotes than AgCD (EC = 16.00 µg mL), however, less intact cells were seen on isolated CD tests. In addition, considering that NO is one of the critical molecular species for the intracellular control of Leishmania, we used Griess colorimetric test to analyze the effect of treatment with AgCD and CD. Overall, the in vitro antileishmanial tests indicate that AgCD should be further explored as a promising non-toxic treatment for CL.
由于抗药寄生虫的出现，寻找有效且毒性较小的药物来治疗皮肤利什曼病（CL）是很有必要的。本研究展示了以腰果壳液（CNSL，主要成分：漆树酸（AA）和腰果酚（CD））为基础的绿色银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的制备、表征及体外抗利什曼原虫活性。在微波辐射（400W，60°C，5分钟）下，通过硼氢化钠在漆树酸或腰果酚存在下还原实现银纳米颗粒的合成，得到AgAA和AgCD。体外试验显示AgAA和AgCD有相反的效果。虽然AgAA对巨噬细胞毒性很高（CC = 6.910μg/mL），对巴西利什曼原虫几乎无毒（IC = 86.61μg/mL），但AgCD对杀死寄生虫具有高度选择性（CC = 195.0μg/mL，IC = 11.54μg/mL）。AA较高的极性和锥形形状通过增加细胞通透性容易促进细胞裂解，而CD具有保护作用：因此，AA和AgAA未进一步用于测试。CD（EC = 2.906μg/mL）比AgCD（EC = 16.00μg/mL）有更高的杀死细胞内无鞭毛体的能力，然而，在单独的CD试验中观察到的完整细胞较少。此外，考虑到一氧化氮是细胞内控制利什曼原虫的关键分子之一，我们使用格里斯比色法分析用AgCD和CD处理的效果。总体而言，体外抗利什曼原虫试验表明，AgCD作为一种有前景的无毒CL治疗方法应进一步探索。
