G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1 Selskaya Street, 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; AGES-Austrian Agency for Health & Food Safety, Robert-Koch-Gasse 17, A-2340 Moedling, Austria.
Infect Genet Evol. 2022 Jul;101:105274. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105274. Epub 2022 Mar 22.
In the current study, we raise the issue concerning origins and historical relationships of the trematodes from the families Troglotrematidae and Paragonimidae using phylogenetic analysis and molecular-clock method for estimating evolutionary rates. For the first time we provided 28S rRNA gene fragment (1764 bp) for the type species Troglotrema acutum - zoonotic trematodes that cause cranial lesions (troglotremiasis) in mustelid and canid mammals of the Central Europe, Iberian Peninsula, and North-West Caucasus. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that T. acutum belongs to the monophyletic family Troglotrematidae sister with the family Paragonimidae. The family Troglotrematidae includes five genera: Nanophyetus, Troglotrema, Skrjabinophyetus, Nephrotrema, and Macroorchis; and the family Paragonimidae is monotypic including the only genus Paragonimus. We recover the superfamily Troglotrematoidea for these two families. Divergence of the common ancestor of the superfamily Troglotrematoidea (common troglotrematoid ancestor) likely occurred during the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic Era and potentially originated in the Asiatic region. The lineage of the family Troglotrematidae is much closer to the common troglotrematoid ancestor than the species of the family Paragonimidae. The radiation time of the common troglotrematoid ancestor (126 Ma, the Early Cretaceous), and formation of the families Troglotrematidae and Paragonimidae (96 Ma and 73 Ma respectively, the Late Cretaceous) corresponds to the time of settling in East Asia by many species of mammaliaforms (about 130-70 Ma).
在本研究中，我们使用系统发育分析和分子钟方法来估计进化率，提出了关于吸虫科 Troglotrematidae 和并殖科 Paragonimidae 起源和历史关系的问题。我们首次为引起中欧、伊比利亚半岛和西北高加索地区鼬科和犬科哺乳动物颅部病变（旋毛虫病）的人畜共患吸虫科 Troglotrematidae 的模式种 Troglotrema acutum 提供了 28S rRNA 基因片段（1764 bp）。分子遗传分析表明，T. acutum 属于单系吸虫科 Troglotrematidae，与并殖科 Paragonimidae 密切相关。吸虫科 Troglotrematidae 包括 5 个属：Nanophyetus、Troglotrema、Skrjabinophyetus、Nephrotrema 和 Macroorchis；并殖科 Paragonimidae 是单型的，仅包括 Paragonimus 属。我们将这两个科归入超科 Troglotrematoidea。超科 Troglotrematoidea（普通旋毛虫祖先）的共同祖先的分歧可能发生在中生代白垩纪时期，起源于亚洲地区。吸虫科 Troglotrematidae 的谱系比并殖科 Paragonimidae 的物种更接近普通旋毛虫祖先。普通旋毛虫祖先（126 Ma，白垩纪早期）的辐射时间和 Troglotrematidae 科和 Paragonimidae 科的形成（96 Ma 和 73 Ma，白垩纪晚期）与许多哺乳动物形类物种（约 130-70 Ma）在东亚定居的时间相对应。
