State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jun 15;432:128738. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128738. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Accidental oil leaks and spills can often result in severe soil and groundwater pollution. In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a powerful and efficient remediation technology. In this review, the applications and recent advances of three commonly applied in-situ oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, and permanganate), and the gap in remediation efficiency between lab-scale and field-scale applications is critically assessed. Feasible improvements for these measures, especially solutions for the 'rebound effect', are discussed. The removal efficiencies reported in 108 research articles related to petroleum-contaminated soil and groundwater were analyzed. The average remediation efficiency of groundwater (82.7%) by the three oxidants was higher than that of soil (65.8%). A number of factors, including non-aqueous phase liquids, adsorption effect, the aging process of contaminants, low-permeability zones, and vapor migration resulted in a decrease in the remediation efficiency and caused the residual contaminants to rebound from 19.1% of the original content to 57.7%. However, the average remediation efficiency of ISCO can be increased from 40.9% to 75.5% when combined with other techniques. In the future, improving the utilization efficiency of reactive species and enhancing the contact efficiency between oxidants and petroleum contaminants will be worthy of attention. Multi-technical combinations, such as the ISCO coupled with phase-transfer, viscosity control, controlled release or natural attenuation, can be effective methods to solve the rebound problem.
意外的石油泄漏和溢出通常会导致严重的土壤和地下水污染。原位化学氧化（ISCO）是一种强大而有效的修复技术。在这篇综述中，评估了三种常用的原位氧化剂（过氧化氢、过硫酸盐和高锰酸盐）的应用和最新进展，以及实验室规模和现场规模应用之间的修复效率差距。讨论了这些措施的可行改进，特别是针对“反弹效应”的解决方案。分析了与石油污染土壤和地下水有关的 108 篇研究文章中的去除效率。三种氧化剂对地下水（82.7%）的修复效率均高于土壤（65.8%）。包括非水相液体、吸附效应、污染物老化过程、低渗透性区域和蒸气迁移在内的多种因素导致修复效率降低，并使残留污染物从原始含量的 19.1%反弹至 57.7%。然而，当与其他技术结合使用时，ISCO 的平均修复效率可以从 40.9%提高到 75.5%。未来，提高反应性物质的利用效率，增强氧化剂与石油污染物之间的接触效率，将值得关注。ISCO 与相转移、粘度控制、控制释放或自然衰减等多技术组合，可以成为解决反弹问题的有效方法。
