Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
Co-Director, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and Professor of European Health Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
Health Policy. 2022 May;126(5):355-361. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.03.005. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
Although some European countries imposed measures that successfully slowed the transmission of Covid-19 during the first year of the pandemic, others struggled, either because they acted slowly or implemented measures ineffectively. In this paper we consider the European experience with public health measures designed to prevent transmission of COVID-19. Based on literature and country responses described in the COVID-19 Health System Response Monitor from March 2020 to December 2020, we consider some critical aspects of public health policy responses. These include the importance of public health capacity that can scale up surveillance and outbreak control, including effective testing and contract tracing, of clear messaging based on an understanding of human behaviour, policies that address the undesirable consequences of necessary measures, such as support for those isolating or unable to earn, and the ability to implement at pace and scale a major vaccine rollout. We conclude that for countries to be successful at preventing COVID-19 transmission, there is a need for a clear strategy with explicit goals and a whole systems approach to implementation.
尽管一些欧洲国家采取了措施，在疫情爆发的第一年成功减缓了新冠病毒的传播，但其他国家则困难重重，要么行动迟缓，要么措施实施不力。本文探讨了欧洲在预防 COVID-19 传播的公共卫生措施方面的经验。我们基于 2020 年 3 月至 2020 年 12 月期间《COVID-19 卫生系统应对监测》中描述的文献和各国应对措施，考虑了公共卫生政策应对的一些关键方面。这些方面包括扩大监测和疫情控制能力的公共卫生能力的重要性，包括有效检测和接触者追踪，基于对人类行为理解的明确信息传递，解决必要措施不良后果的政策，如为隔离或无法工作的人提供支持，以及快速大规模实施主要疫苗接种的能力。我们的结论是，为了成功预防 COVID-19 的传播，各国需要有明确的战略、明确的目标和全系统的实施方法。
