Chief of Pharmacy, Coquimbo Hospital, Av. Videla s/n, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile.
Multiple Sclerosis Program, Neurology Unit, Coquimbo Hospital, Av. Videla s/n, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022 May;61:103750. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103750. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
There is a scarcity of information on the prevalence of demyelinating diseases in Chile and other Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in a region of central-northern Chile.
A cross-sectional study was performed. All patients in the region with a confirmed diagnosis of MS or NMOSD under control of the program by the end of 2020 and were included in the study, totalling sixty patients with a diagnosis of MS and eight patients with NMOSD. Sociodemographic and clinical variables for these patients were recorded by the neurologists in charge of the MS programs at each public and private facility in the Coquimbo region between January and March of 2021.
The prevalence of MS was 7.18 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 5.36‒8.99) and NMOSD, 0.95 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 0.9‒1.62). Both diseases were several times more prevalent in women than in men (female/male ratio: MS, 5:1 and NMOSD, 7:1). The mean age at diagnosis was 32.2 for MS and 32.2 years for NMOSD. No relevant risk factors were identified. In terms of the type of MS, 86.6% patients had a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS, 6.7% had primary progressive MS, and 6.7% had secondary progressive MS. Overall, 20% of patients with MS and 12.5% with NMOSD presented score over 5 in the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and 87.5% of the NMOSD patients were receiving rituximab.
The prevalence of demyelinating diseases in a central-northern region of Chile corresponds to the reported rates for other Latin American countries. This is an important contribution, given the scarcity of evidence on the prevalence of demyelinating diseases in Chile. These illnesses mainly affect young adult women and are a cause of disability among productive adults.
关于脱髓鞘疾病在智利和其他拉丁美洲国家的流行情况，信息十分匮乏。本研究的目的是确定智利中北部某一地区多发性硬化症（MS）和视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍（NMOSD）的患病率。
本研究采用横断面研究方法。纳入 2020 年底前在该地区经项目确诊并纳入管理的所有 MS 和 NMOSD 患者，共计 60 例 MS 患者和 8 例 NMOSD 患者。2021 年 1 月至 3 月，由负责每个公共和私人机构 MS 项目的神经科医生记录这些患者的社会人口学和临床变量。
MS 的患病率为 7.18/10 万居民（95%CI：5.36-8.99），NMOSD 的患病率为 0.95/10 万居民（95%CI：0.9-1.62）。两种疾病在女性中的发病率均明显高于男性（女性/男性比例：MS 为 5:1，NMOSD 为 7:1）。MS 的平均诊断年龄为 32.2 岁，NMOSD 为 32.2 岁。未发现明显的危险因素。MS 患者中，86.6%为复发缓解型 MS，6.7%为原发性进展型 MS，6.7%为继发性进展型 MS。总体而言，20%的 MS 患者和 12.5%的 NMOSD 患者的扩展残疾状况量表评分>5，87.5%的 NMOSD 患者正在接受利妥昔单抗治疗。
智利中北部地区脱髓鞘疾病的患病率与其他拉丁美洲国家的报告率相当。鉴于智利脱髓鞘疾病流行情况的证据匮乏，本研究具有重要意义。这些疾病主要影响年轻成年女性，是成年劳动力丧失能力的原因之一。
