Bloemsma Lizan D, Wijga Alet H, Klompmaker Jochem O, Hoek Gerard, Janssen Nicole A H, Lebret Erik, Brunekreef Bert, Gehring Ulrike
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Environ Int. 2022 May;163:107197. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107197. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Green space, air pollution and traffic noise exposure may be associated with mental health in adolescents. We assessed the associations of long-term exposure to residential green space, ambient air pollution and traffic noise with mental wellbeing from age 11 to 20 years.
We included 3059 participants of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort who completed the five-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) at ages 11, 14, 17 and/or 20 years. We estimated exposure to green space (the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and percentages of green space in circular buffers of 300 m, 1000 m and 3000 m), ambient air pollution (particulate matter (PM and PM), nitrogen dioxide, PM absorbance and the oxidative potential of PM) and road traffic and railway noise (L) at the adolescents' home addresses at the times of completing the MHI-5. Associations with poor mental wellbeing (MHI-5 score ≤ 60) were assessed by generalized linear mixed models with a logit link, adjusting for covariates.
The odds of poor mental wellbeing at age 11 to 20 years decreased with increasing exposure to green space in a 3000 m buffer (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.78 [95% CI 0.68-0.88] per IQR increase in the average NDVI; adjusted OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.67-0.88] per IQR increase in the total percentage of green space). These associations persisted after adjustment for air pollution and road traffic noise. Relationships between mental wellbeing and green space in buffers of 300 m and 1000 m were less consistent. Higher air pollution exposure was associated with higher odds of poor mental wellbeing, but these associations were strongly attenuated after adjustment for green space in a buffer of 3000 m, traffic noise and degree of urbanization. Traffic noise was not related to mental wellbeing throughout adolescence.
Residential exposure to green space may be associated with a better mental wellbeing in adolescents.
绿地、空气污染和交通噪音暴露可能与青少年的心理健康有关。我们评估了11至20岁期间长期暴露于居住绿地、环境空气污染和交通噪音与心理健康之间的关联。
我们纳入了荷兰PIAMA出生队列的3059名参与者，他们在11岁、14岁、17岁和/或20岁时完成了五项心理健康量表（MHI-5）。我们估计了在完成MHI-5时青少年家庭住址处的绿地暴露情况（平均归一化植被指数（NDVI）以及300米、1000米和3000米圆形缓冲区内绿地的百分比）、环境空气污染（颗粒物（PM和PM）、二氧化氮、PM吸光度和PM的氧化潜力）以及道路交通和铁路噪音（L）。通过具有logit链接的广义线性混合模型评估与心理健康不佳（MHI-5得分≤60）的关联，并对协变量进行调整。
11至20岁时心理健康不佳的几率随着3000米缓冲区内绿地暴露的增加而降低（平均NDVI每增加一个四分位距，调整后的优势比（OR）为0.78 [95%置信区间0.68 - 0.88]；绿地总面积每增加一个四分位距，调整后的OR为0.77 [95%置信区间0.67 - 0.88]）。在对空气污染和道路交通噪音进行调整后，这些关联仍然存在。300米和1000米缓冲区内心理健康与绿地之间的关系不太一致。更高的空气污染暴露与心理健康不佳的几率更高相关，但在对3000米缓冲区内的绿地、交通噪音和城市化程度进行调整后，这些关联大幅减弱。在整个青春期，交通噪音与心理健康无关。
居住环境中接触绿地可能与青少年更好的心理健康有关。
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