National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Environ Res. 2019 Feb;169:348-356. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.026. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Air pollution, traffic noise and absence of green space may contribute to the development of overweight in children.
To investigate the combined associations of air pollution, traffic noise and green space with overweight throughout childhood.
We used data for 3680 participants of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort. We estimated exposure to air pollution, traffic noise and green space (i.e. the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and percentages of green space in circular buffers of 300 m and 3000 m) at the children's home addresses at the time of parental reported weight and height measurements. Associations of these exposures with overweight from age 3 to 17 years were analyzed by generalized linear mixed models, adjusting for potential confounders. Odds ratios (OR's) are presented for an interquartile range increase in exposure.
odds of being overweight increased with increasing exposure to NO (adjusted OR 1.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.74] per 8.90 µg/m) and tended to decrease with increasing exposure to green space in a 3000 m buffer (adjusted OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.71-1.04] per 0.13 increase in the NDVI; adjusted OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.71-1.03] per 29.5% increase in the total percentage of green space). After adjustment for NO, the associations with green space in a 3000 m buffer weakened. No associations of traffic noise with overweight throughout childhood were found. In children living in an urban area, living further away from a park was associated with a lower odds of being overweight (adjusted OR 0.67 [95% CI 0.52-0.85] per 359.6 m).
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution, but not traffic noise or green space, may contribute to childhood overweight. Future studies examining the associations of green space with childhood overweight should account for air pollution exposure.
空气污染、交通噪音和缺乏绿地可能导致儿童超重。
研究空气污染、交通噪音和绿地与儿童整个童年超重的综合关联。
我们使用了荷兰 PIAMA 出生队列的 3680 名参与者的数据。我们在父母报告体重和身高测量时，估计了儿童家庭住址处的空气污染、交通噪音和绿地（即归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）的平均值和 300m 和 3000m 圆形缓冲区中绿地百分比）的暴露情况。通过广义线性混合模型，调整潜在混杂因素，分析这些暴露与 3 至 17 岁超重的关联。呈现了每增加一个四分位间距暴露量的比值比（OR）。
随着 NO 暴露量的增加，超重的几率增加（调整后的 OR 1.40 [95%置信区间（CI）1.12-1.74] 每增加 8.90µg/m），并且随着 3000m 缓冲区中绿地的增加，超重的几率呈下降趋势（调整后的 OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.71-1.04] 每增加 0.13 的 NDVI；调整后的 OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.71-1.03] 每增加 29.5%的总绿地百分比）。调整 NO 后，与 3000m 缓冲区中的绿地的关联减弱。未发现交通噪音与儿童整个童年超重有关联。在居住在城市地区的儿童中，离公园越远，超重的几率越低（调整后的 OR 0.67 [95% CI 0.52-0.85] 每增加 359.6m）。
交通相关空气污染的暴露，而不是交通噪音或绿地，可能导致儿童超重。未来研究在检查绿地与儿童超重的关联时，应该考虑空气污染暴露。
