Menon Varun G, Midhunchakkaravarthy Divya, Sujith Aaromal, John Sonali, Li Xingwang, Khosravi Mohammad R
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam 683576, India.
Comput Intell Neurosci. 2022 Mar 17;2022:7061617. doi: 10.1155/2022/7061617. eCollection 2022.
In underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), the reliable transfer of data from the source nodes located underwater to the destination nodes at the surface through the network of intermediate nodes is a significant challenge due to various unique characteristics of UASN such as continuous mobility of sensor nodes, increased propagation delay, restriction in energy, and heightened interference. Recently, the location-based opportunistic routing protocols seem to show potential by providing commendable quality of service (QoS) in the underwater environment. This study initially reviews all the latest location-based opportunistic routing protocols proposed for UASNs and discusses its possible limitations and challenges. Most of the existing works focus either on improving the QoS or on energy efficiency, and the few hybrid protocols that focus on both parameters are too complex with increased overhead and lack techniques to overcome communication voids. Further, this study proposes and discusses an easy-to-implement energy-efficient location-based opportunistic routing protocol (EELORP) that can work efficiently for various applications of UASN-assisted Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs) platforms with reduced delay. We simulate the protocol in Aqua-Sim, and the results obtained show better performance than existing protocols in terms of QoS and energy efficiency.
在水下声学传感器网络（UASN）中，由于UASN的各种独特特性，如传感器节点的持续移动性、传播延迟增加、能量限制和干扰加剧，将水下源节点的数据通过中间节点网络可靠地传输到水面的目的节点是一项重大挑战。最近，基于位置的机会路由协议似乎通过在水下环境中提供值得称赞的服务质量（QoS）而展现出潜力。本研究首先回顾了为UASN提出的所有最新基于位置的机会路由协议，并讨论了其可能的局限性和挑战。大多数现有工作要么侧重于提高QoS，要么侧重于能源效率，而少数同时关注这两个参数的混合协议过于复杂，开销增加，并且缺乏克服通信空洞的技术。此外，本研究提出并讨论了一种易于实现的节能型基于位置的机会路由协议（EELORP），该协议可以在减少延迟的情况下，有效地应用于UASN辅助的水下物联网（IoUTs）平台的各种应用场景。我们在Aqua-Sim中对该协议进行了模拟，所得结果表明，在QoS和能源效率方面，该协议比现有协议具有更好的性能。
