Lu Lu, Liu Dandan, Ying Jianghui, Yao Zuochao, Hou Qiang, Wang Hui, Qi Fazhi, Luan Wenjie, Jiang Hua
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Dongfang Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
Department of Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 510836, China.
Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2025 Jun;24(2):329-341. doi: 10.1177/15347346221090758. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
: Lacking of normal innervation increases the chance of chronic wounds and recurrence of ulceration. Various rodent models are designed to reveal nerve-wound relationship but present many limitations to mimic human wound which heals primarily by re-epithelialization rather than contraction in rodents. This article tested a modified rat model of denervated wound healing to better mimic clinical common denervated wounds. : The wounds formed on right hind paws of 18 SD rats served as the experimental (denervated) group and the left side as contra-lateral control (non-denervated). The denervation was achieved through sciatic and femoral nerve co-transection and the control side underwent sham-surgery 3 days prior to a skin punch wound formation on both sides. Wound closure rate was calculated under digital photographing. Loss of innervation and affected healing process was confirmed by histological analyses. : Truncation of the sciatic and femur nerve successfully denervated the skin of the hind paw and resulted in a significantly declined healing rate, prolonged inflammation, weakened dermal contraction, hindered macrophage recruitment, retarded re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, decreased angiogenesis and epidermal proliferation, and persisted epidermal apoptosis compared to the innervated contra-lateral control. : Wound on denervated dorsal pedis in rats can be used to study denervated skin healing in multiple histological process. We believe that this model will assist in understanding the underlying mechanism of nerve-wound relationship and identifying new treatment strategies that can be more rapidly translated into clinical practice.
缺乏正常神经支配会增加慢性伤口和溃疡复发的几率。人们设计了各种啮齿动物模型来揭示神经与伤口的关系，但在模拟人类伤口方面存在许多局限性，因为人类伤口主要通过重新上皮化愈合，而啮齿动物伤口主要通过收缩愈合。本文测试了一种改良的去神经支配伤口愈合大鼠模型，以更好地模拟临床上常见的去神经支配伤口。
18只SD大鼠右后爪形成的伤口作为实验组（去神经支配组），左侧作为对侧对照组（未去神经支配组）。通过坐骨神经和股神经联合横断实现去神经支配，在两侧形成皮肤打孔伤口前3天，对对照组进行假手术。在数码拍照下计算伤口闭合率。通过组织学分析证实神经支配丧失和愈合过程受到影响。
与有神经支配的对侧对照组相比，坐骨神经和股神经的切断成功地使后爪皮肤去神经支配，导致愈合率显著下降、炎症延长、真皮收缩减弱、巨噬细胞募集受阻、重新上皮化和胶原蛋白沉积延迟、血管生成和表皮增殖减少以及表皮凋亡持续存在。
大鼠去神经支配的足背伤口可用于研究多个组织学过程中的去神经支配皮肤愈合。我们相信，该模型将有助于理解神经与伤口关系的潜在机制，并确定能够更快转化为临床实践的新治疗策略。
