School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
J Vis. 2022 Mar 2;22(4):14. doi: 10.1167/jov.22.4.14.
The uncanny valley predicts aversive reactions toward near-humanlike entities. Greater uncanniness is elicited by distortions in realistic than unrealistic faces, possibly due to familiarity. Experiment 1 investigated how familiarity and inversion affect uncanniness of facial distortions and the ability to detect differences between the distorted variants of the same face (distortion sensitivity). Familiar or unfamiliar celebrity faces were incrementally distorted and presented either upright or inverted. Uncanniness ratings increased across the distortion levels, and were stronger for familiar and upright faces. Distortion sensitivity increased with increasing distortion difference levels, again stronger for familiar and upright faces. Experiment 2 investigated how face realism, familiarity, and face orientation interacted for the increase of uncanniness across distortions. Realism increased the increase of uncanniness across the distortion levels, further enhanced by upright orientation and familiarity. The findings show that familiarity, upright orientation, and high face realism increase the sensitivity of uncanniness, likely by increasing distortion sensitivity. Finally, a moderated linear function of face realism and deviation level could explain the uncanniness of stimuli better than a quadratic function. A re-interpretation of the uncanny valley as sensitivity toward deviations from familiarized patterns is discussed.
恐怖谷理论预测人们会对接近人类的实体产生反感。与不真实的面孔相比，真实的面孔扭曲会引起更大的怪异感，这可能是由于熟悉度的原因。实验 1 研究了熟悉度和反转如何影响面部扭曲的怪异感，以及检测同一张脸的扭曲变体之间差异的能力（扭曲敏感性）。熟悉或不熟悉的名人面孔逐渐扭曲，并以正常或倒置的方式呈现。怪异感评分随着扭曲程度的增加而增加，对于熟悉和正常的面孔更强。扭曲敏感性随着扭曲差异水平的增加而增加，对于熟悉和正常的面孔更强。实验 2 研究了面部真实感、熟悉度和面部方向如何相互作用，导致扭曲过程中怪异感的增加。真实感增加了扭曲程度的增加，正常的方向和熟悉度进一步增强了这种增加。研究结果表明，熟悉度、正常的方向和高面部真实感增加了怪异感的敏感性，这可能是通过增加扭曲敏感性来实现的。最后，一个面部真实感和偏差水平的调节线性函数可以比二次函数更好地解释刺激的怪异感。恐怖谷理论被重新解释为对熟悉模式偏差的敏感性。
