Xu Xiaoqing, Wang Xiaohui, Yang Yaqin, Ares Irma, Martínez Marta, Lopez-Torres Bernardo, Martínez-Larrañaga María-Rosa, Wang Xu, Anadón Arturo, Martinez María-Aránzazu
National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jun;96(6):1493-1520. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03267-5. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used pesticides in the world. However, research studies have shown that it can affect the cognitive abilities and health of non-target bees and other wild pollinators by inducing DNA damage, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, injure to its central nervous system, and it is even developmentally neurotoxic to mammals and humans, with mitochondria being an important target of neonicotinoids. Therefore, this article reviews the role of mitochondrial morphology, calcium ions (Ca) homeostasis, respiratory function, apoptosis, and DNA damage in neonicotinoids-induced systemic toxicity. Additionally, it evaluates the protective effects of various active substances including vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), curcumin (CUR), glutathione reduced (GSH), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, and thymoquinone (TQ) on neonicotinoids-induced toxicity. This review manuscript found that mitochondria are important targets to neonicotinoids. Neonicotinoids can cause DNA damage, apoptosis, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation in non-target organisms by altering mitochondrial Ca homeostasis, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, and inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Several active substances (vitamin C, NAC, CUR, GSH, resveratrol, CAPE, and TQ) play a protective role against neonicotinoid-induced systemic toxicity by inhibiting ROS signaling pathways, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation. This review manuscript emphasizes the importance and urgency of the development of neonicotinoid antidotes, emphasizes the prospect of the application of targeted mitochondrial antidotes, and prospects the development of neonicotinoid antidotes in order to provide some strategies for the prevention of neonicotinoid toxicity.
新烟碱类是世界上使用最广泛的杀虫剂。然而，研究表明，它可通过诱导DNA损伤、细胞凋亡和线粒体损伤，损害非靶标蜜蜂和其他野生传粉者的认知能力和健康，损伤其中枢神经系统，甚至对哺乳动物和人类具有发育神经毒性，线粒体是新烟碱类的重要靶标。因此，本文综述了线粒体形态、钙离子（Ca）稳态、呼吸功能、细胞凋亡和DNA损伤在新烟碱类诱导的全身毒性中的作用。此外，还评估了包括维生素C、N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）、姜黄素（CUR）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、咖啡酸苯乙酯（CAPE）、白藜芦醇和百里醌（TQ）等多种活性物质对新烟碱类诱导毒性的保护作用。这篇综述文章发现线粒体是新烟碱类的重要靶标。新烟碱类可通过改变线粒体Ca稳态、抑制线粒体呼吸和诱导活性氧（ROS）产生，在非靶标生物中引起DNA损伤、细胞凋亡、蛋白质氧化和脂质过氧化。几种活性物质（维生素C、NAC、CUR、GSH、白藜芦醇、CAPE和TQ）通过抑制ROS信号通路、细胞凋亡和脂质过氧化，对新烟碱类诱导的全身毒性发挥保护作用。这篇综述文章强调了开发新烟碱类解毒剂的重要性和紧迫性，强调了靶向线粒体解毒剂应用的前景，并对新烟碱类解毒剂的发展进行了展望，以便为预防新烟碱类毒性提供一些策略。
