Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fairfield University, 1073 North Benson Rd., Fairfield, CT 06824, USA.
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Acta Histochem. 2022 May;124(4):151880. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151880. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
The tissue processing technique is used to preserve the biological structure of tissue samples harvested from biopsy as closely as possible to their in vivo state for the diagnoses and study of disease on the cellular level. This process includes fixation, dehydration, clearing, paraffin infiltration. The protocol follows paraffin block embedding, microtome slicing, staining, and microscope slide studying. Tissue processing is a time-sensitive task as histopathologists must rapidly prevent the decomposition of tissue samples and promptly provide diagnoses on time. However, there are different tissue processing protocols for processing tissues with different types and sizes. Fatty tissues and tissues thicker than 1.5 mm are more susceptible to human errors when choosing a proper tissue processing protocol when preparing separate batches of tissues. In this research, a novel automated variable power cold microwave tissue processor was developed using a universal tissue processing protocol (processing time of 97 min) to simultaneously process all tissue types up to 4 mm in thickness. The tissue processor operated with a relatively smaller number of reagents without formaldehyde or xylene. These materials cause severe health and safety issues for humans and the environment. The quality of healthy and diseased processed tissues (sizes 1×1×1 to 24×15×4 mm) of fatty, thyroid, breast, placenta, skin, prostate, stomach, and bladder was examined under a light microscope by defining MAS (morphology, artifacts, and staining) criteria for evaluating cellular details, tissue arrangement, tissue integrity, stain uptake, and visual distinction of a tissue structure in light microscopy. It was found that the new tissue processor has successfully processed both healthy and diseased fatty and nonfatty tissue samples, while all tissue samples also met MAS criteria. Light microscopy showed outstanding integrity and arrangement in the tissue structures with an excellent visual distinction.
组织处理技术用于尽可能地保存从活检中采集的组织样本的生物结构，使其接近其在体内的状态，以便在细胞水平上诊断和研究疾病。该过程包括固定、脱水、透明、石蜡渗透。方案遵循石蜡块包埋、切片机切片、染色和显微镜载玻片研究。组织处理是一项时间敏感的任务，因为组织病理学家必须迅速防止组织样本分解，并及时提供诊断。然而，对于不同类型和大小的组织，有不同的组织处理方案。在准备不同批次的组织时，对于选择适当的组织处理方案，脂肪组织和厚度超过 1.5 毫米的组织更容易出现人为错误。在这项研究中，开发了一种新型自动化可变功率冷微波组织处理器，使用通用组织处理方案（处理时间为 97 分钟）同时处理所有厚度达 4 毫米的组织类型。组织处理器使用相对较少的试剂操作，无需使用甲醛或二甲苯。这些材料会对人类和环境造成严重的健康和安全问题。使用 MAS（形态、伪影和染色）标准评估细胞细节、组织排列、组织完整性、染色吸收和组织结构的目视区分，通过对 1×1×1 至 24×15×4 毫米大小的健康和患病处理后的组织（包括脂肪、甲状腺、乳腺、胎盘、皮肤、前列腺、胃和膀胱）进行光学显微镜检查，检查了健康和患病处理后的脂肪和非脂肪组织样本的质量。结果发现，新的组织处理器已成功处理了健康和患病的脂肪和非脂肪组织样本，而所有组织样本也符合 MAS 标准。光学显微镜显示组织结构具有出色的完整性和排列，具有出色的视觉区分度。
