West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2022 Jul;72:126975. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126975. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Cadmium is a common toxic heavy metal in the environment and can cause irreversible damage to the human body. It is well established that cadmium has direct cardiovascular toxicity, but the relationship between cadmium exposure and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is not clear.
This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to assess the relationship between blood cadmium (B-Cd) and AAC in U.S. adults ≥ 40 years old. We obtained data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The AAC score was quantified by the Kauppila score system, whereas severe AAC was defined as an AAC score ≥ 6. We performed multivariate regressions, correlated subgroup analyses, and interaction terms to evaluate the relationship between B-Cd and AAC score and severe AAC.
For 1530 enrolled participants, the mean AAC score was 1.52 ± 3.32, and the prevalence of severe AAC was 8.95%. Participants with higher B-Cd levels showed higher AAC scores (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.70, P = 0.0323) and an increased risk of severe AAC (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.56, P = 0.0432). However, these associations were weakened after adjusting for serum cotinine to define smoking exposure. Subgroup analyses and correlated interaction terms indicated that the relationship between B-Cd and AAC was generally similar in different population settings, except for males, nonsmokers, and participants with a normal body mass index (BMI). The interaction terms indicated that smoking exposure status defined by serum cotinine interacted with the relationship between B-Cd and AAC condition (P for interaction=0.0413).
There might be positive associations between B-Cd levels and AAC scores and the risk of severe AAC, while these associations were partially explained by smoking exposure. However, more well-designed studies are still needed to validate this relationship.
镉是环境中常见的有毒重金属，会对人体造成不可逆转的损害。已有研究证实镉具有直接的心血管毒性，但镉暴露与腹主动脉钙化（AAC）之间的关系尚不清楚。
这是一项横断面研究，旨在评估美国≥40 岁成年人血液镉（B-Cd）与 AAC 之间的关系。我们从 2013-2014 年全国健康与营养调查中获取数据。采用 Kauppila 评分系统量化 AAC 评分，重度 AAC 定义为 AAC 评分≥6。我们进行了多变量回归、相关亚组分析和交互项分析，以评估 B-Cd 与 AAC 评分和重度 AAC 之间的关系。
在纳入的 1530 名参与者中，平均 AAC 评分为 1.52±3.32，重度 AAC 的患病率为 8.95%。B-Cd 水平较高的参与者 AAC 评分较高（β=0.36，95%CI：0.03，0.70，P=0.0323），且重度 AAC 的风险增加（OR=1.61，95%CI：1.01，2.56，P=0.0432）。然而，在调整血清可替宁以定义吸烟暴露后，这些关联减弱。亚组分析和相关交互项表明，除男性、非吸烟者和 BMI 正常者外，B-Cd 与 AAC 之间的关系在不同人群中基本相似。交互项表明，血清可替宁定义的吸烟暴露状态与 B-Cd 与 AAC 状况之间的关系存在交互作用（P 交互=0.0413）。
B-Cd 水平与 AAC 评分和重度 AAC 的风险之间可能存在正相关，而这些关联部分可由吸烟暴露解释。然而，仍需要更多设计良好的研究来验证这种关系。
