Child Growth & Anthropology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
Neonatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2021 Mar;154(3):461-466. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_298_20.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: A etiologically symmetric and asymmetric small for gestational age (SGA) infants are two distinct entities. In view of absence of longitudinal information on growth pattern of skinfold thicknesses (SFTs) among Indian infants, this study was conducted to assess the auxological dynamics of SFTs (sub-cutaneous fat) of symmetric and asymmetric SGA infants.
Triceps, sub-scapular, biceps, mid-axillary and anterior thigh SFTs among full-term, 100 symmetric SGA, 100 asymmetric SGA and 100 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants were measured at one, three, six, nine and 12 months. Ponderal Index (PI) was used to categorize infants into symmetric SGA (PI ≥2.2 g/cm) and asymmetric SGA (PI <2.2 g/cm). Intra-group (symmetric vs. asymmetric), inter-group (SGA vs. AGA) and gender differences were quantified.
SFTs among symmetric, asymmetric SGA infants increased to attain peak by six months. Maximum fat deposition in SGA infants was noticed for triceps, minimum for mid-axillary SFT. Mean triceps and sub-scapular skinfolds were measured higher in symmetric SGA than in asymmetric infants. SGA infants had significantly (P≤0.05) thinner SFTs than AGA. Growth velocity for SFTs, among symmetric and asymmetric SGA, was measured maximum between one and three months, threreafter it declined and relatively, steepness of fall was maximum for mid-axillary SFT followed by sub-scapular SFT.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Thinner SFTs obtained for symmetric and asymmetric SGA as compared to AGA infants reveal their compromised adiposity and nutritional status. Comparatively, higher SFTs in symmetric than in asymmetric SGA infants appear to suggest that the former have a tendency to accumulate more fat, than the latter during infancy.
病因学上对称和不对称的小于胎龄儿（SGA）是两个不同的实体。鉴于印度婴儿在皮褶厚度（SFT）生长模式方面缺乏纵向信息，本研究旨在评估对称和不对称 SGA 婴儿的 SFT（皮下脂肪）的人体测量学动态。
在 1、3、6、9 和 12 个月时，测量足月、100 例对称 SGA、100 例不对称 SGA 和 100 例适合胎龄（AGA）婴儿的三头肌、肩胛下、肱二头肌、腋中和股前 SFT。使用体质指数（PI）将婴儿分为对称 SGA（PI≥2.2 g/cm）和不对称 SGA（PI<2.2 g/cm）。量化了组内（对称与不对称）、组间（SGA 与 AGA）和性别差异。
对称、不对称 SGA 婴儿的 SFT 增加到六个月时达到峰值。SGA 婴儿的最大脂肪沉积发生在三头肌，最小发生在腋中 SFT。对称 SGA 婴儿的平均三头肌和肩胛下皮褶比不对称婴儿高。SGA 婴儿的 SFT 明显（P≤0.05）比 AGA 婴儿薄。对称和不对称 SGA 婴儿的 SFT 生长速度在 1 至 3 个月之间最大，此后下降，腋中和肩胛下 SFT 的下降速度相对较快。
与 AGA 婴儿相比，对称和不对称 SGA 婴儿获得的 SFT 较薄，表明他们的脂肪和营养状况受损。与不对称 SGA 婴儿相比，对称 SGA 婴儿的 SFT 较高，这表明前者在婴儿期比后者更容易积累脂肪。
