Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2021 Mar;154(3):483-490. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1414_19.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Congenital anomalies lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Systematically published data on the prevalence and spectrum of congenital anomalies from India are scarce. This study was aimed to ascertain the prevalence, spectrum, trend, and outcome of congenital anomalies at a tertiary care centre in north India over two decades.
Electronic records of all live births from January 1998 to December 2017 were retrieved, and the neonates with congenital anomaly were included in this retrospective analysis. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10) was used for uniformity and international comparison. The further sub-categorization was done as per the WHO birth defects surveillance manual. The prevalence of individual as well as overall congenital anomalies was calculated. Run charts were used to analyze the trends.
In the two decades studied (1998-2017), there were 86850 live births, of which 1578 [1.82%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.73-1.91%] neonates had a major congenital anomaly. The overall prevalence of anomalies was 182 (95% CI: 173-191) per 10,000 live births. Malformation of the circulatory system was the most common (28.0%) followed by musculoskeletal (18.6%) and urinary system (14.3%). Congenital anomaly-related death rate was 6.78 per 1000 live births. No significant trend was observed in the annual prevalence, individual malformations or contribution of congenital anomalies to overall mortality over the two decades.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed a high prevalence of congenital anomalies which could be responsible for significant mortality, warranting the need for a national surveillance programme and birth defect services. It is important to have a national database to know the overall burden and spectrum of congenital anomalies in the country.
先天性畸形可导致严重的发病率和死亡率。印度系统发布的先天性畸形患病率和谱系数据很少。本研究旨在确定 20 年来印度一家三级保健中心先天性畸形的患病率、谱系、趋势和结局。
检索 1998 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月所有活产儿的电子记录，将患有先天性畸形的新生儿纳入本回顾性分析。采用国际疾病分类和相关健康问题第十次修订版（ICD-10）进行统一和国际比较。进一步的细分是根据世界卫生组织出生缺陷监测手册进行的。计算了个别和总体先天性畸形的患病率。运行图用于分析趋势。
在所研究的 20 年（1998-2017 年）中，有 86850 例活产儿，其中 1578 例（1.82%，95%置信区间[CI]：1.73-1.91%）新生儿患有主要先天性畸形。总体畸形患病率为每 10000 例活产儿 182 例（95%CI：173-191）。循环系统畸形最为常见（28.0%），其次是肌肉骨骼系统（18.6%）和泌尿系统（14.3%）。先天性畸形相关死亡率为每 1000 例活产儿 6.78 例。在这 20 年中，每年的患病率、个别畸形或先天性畸形对总体死亡率的影响均未观察到显著趋势。
我们的结果显示先天性畸形的患病率较高，这可能是导致高死亡率的原因，因此需要建立国家监测计划和出生缺陷服务。建立国家数据库了解该国先天性畸形的总体负担和谱系非常重要。
