Jang Harry, Louis-Jean James, Childs Bradley, Holliday Kiel, Reilly Dallas, Athon Matthew, Czerwinski Kenneth, Hatchett David, Poineau Frederic
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2022 Mar 23;9(3):211870. doi: 10.1098/rsos.211870. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Uranium metal is associated with several aspects of nuclear technology; it is used as fuel for research and power reactors, targets for medical isotope productions, explosive for nuclear weapons and precursors in synthetic chemistry. The study of uranium metal at the laboratory scale presents the opportunity to evaluate metallic nuclear fuels, develop new methods for metallic spent fuel reprocessing and advance the science relevant to nuclear forensics and medical isotope production. Since its first isolation in 1841, from the reaction of uranium chloride and potassium metal, uranium metal has been prepared by solid-state reactions and in solution by electrochemical, chemical and radiochemical methods. The present review summarizes the methods outlined above and describes the chemistry associated with each preparation.
金属铀与核技术的多个方面相关；它被用作研究反应堆和动力反应堆的燃料、医用同位素生产的靶材、核武器的炸药以及合成化学中的前体。在实验室规模下对金属铀进行研究，为评估金属核燃料、开发金属乏燃料后处理新方法以及推动与核法医鉴定和医用同位素生产相关的科学发展提供了契机。自1841年首次通过氯化铀与金属钾的反应分离出金属铀以来，金属铀已通过固态反应以及在溶液中通过电化学、化学和放射化学方法制备。本综述总结了上述方法，并描述了与每种制备方法相关的化学过程。
