Gili Sebastiano, Giuliani Mattia, Santagostino Baldi Giulia, Teruzzi Giovanni, Pravettoni Gabriella, Montorsi Piero, Trabattoni Daniela
Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.
Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Mar 8;9:844563. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.844563. eCollection 2022.
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading mortality cause among women, yet an alarming misrepresentation of women in CV studies and a low awareness of the impact of CV among women still persist to date. The Monzino Women Heart Center has been established as a clinical and research program dedicated to primary prevention of CV disease in women.
Patients aged between 35 and 60 years and with no history of CV disease underwent a comprehensive evaluation including a cardiologic outpatient visit with electrocardiogram, individual CV risk calculation, first-level cardiovascular examinations and a psychological assessment.
A total of 635 women, with a mean age of 52.2 ± 6.4 participated to the project on a voluntary basis during the period January 2017-August 2021. Included patients had a high level of education (40.4% with a graduate or postgraduate university degree), the majority of them, in a stable couple and with children, were actively working. More than half of the patients performed physical activity on a regular basis. Prevalence of traditional CV risk factors were family history (70.2%), hypertension (46%), hypercholesterolemia (22%) and diabetes (14%). Early or premature menopause was reported by 17.7% of the patients, gestational hypertension and diabetes by 4.96 and 1.7%, respectively. Symptoms of depression were reported by 27%; nearly 36% of the participants rated high score of state anxiety and 41% of trait anxiety. Nearly 69% of the participants showed moderate-to-high perceived stress. The mean value of perceived general self-efficacy was moderate (mean = 28.78, SD = 4.69).
A CV prevention program dedicated to women can help identifying a considerable number of patients with risk factors for whom early interventions can help reducing the risk of developing CV disease. Psychological assessment might unmask depression or anxiety disorders, which might have a potential long-terme detrimental effect on CV health.
心血管疾病是女性的主要死因，但令人担忧的是，心血管研究中对女性的错误描述以及对女性心血管疾病影响的低认识至今仍然存在。蒙齐诺女性心脏中心已被设立为一个致力于女性心血管疾病一级预防的临床和研究项目。
年龄在35至60岁之间且无心血管疾病史的患者接受了全面评估，包括心脏科门诊就诊及心电图检查、个体心血管风险计算、一级心血管检查和心理评估。
在2017年1月至2021年8月期间，共有635名平均年龄为52.2±6.4岁的女性自愿参与了该项目。纳入的患者受教育程度较高（40.4%拥有本科或研究生学历），她们中的大多数处于稳定的伴侣关系且育有子女，并且积极工作。超过一半的患者定期进行体育锻炼。传统心血管危险因素的患病率分别为家族病史（70.2%）、高血压（46%）、高胆固醇血症（22%）和糖尿病（14%）。17.7%的患者报告有早绝经或过早绝经情况，妊娠高血压和妊娠糖尿病的报告率分别为4.96%和1.7%。27%的患者报告有抑郁症状；近36%的参与者状态焦虑评分较高，41%的参与者特质焦虑评分较高。近69%的参与者表现出中度至高度的感知压力。感知总体自我效能的平均值为中等（平均值 = 28.78，标准差 = 4.69）。
一个致力于女性的心血管预防项目有助于识别大量有危险因素的患者，早期干预有助于降低患心血管疾病的风险。心理评估可能会揭示抑郁或焦虑症，这些可能对心血管健康产生潜在的长期有害影响。
