Hammar Åsa, Ronold Eivind Haga, Rekkedal Guro Årdal
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 8;13:764374. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.764374. eCollection 2022.
Increasingly, studies have investigated cognitive functioning from the perspective of acute - to remitted phases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Some cognitive deficits observed in the symptomatic phase persist in remission as or . The etiological origin and clinical consequences of the neurocognitive profiles reported in the literature are still unclear and may vary across populations. Deficits are suspected to influence the association between MDD and neurodegenerative disorders and could thus be of particular clinical consequence. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical neuropsychological profile in MDD and how it is related to research during the past decade on cognitive deficits in MDD from a state, trait, and scar perspective. This review, with a clinical perspective, investigates research from the past decade regarding cognitive functioning in MDD in a long-term perspective. We focus on the clinical manifestation of deficits, and the potential neurodegenerative consequences of the neurocognitive profile in MDD. Searches in Medline, PsycINFO and Embase were conducted targeting articles published between 2010 and 2020. Examination of the evidence for long-lasting neurocognitive deficits in major depression within the cognitive domains of Memory, Executive Functions, Attention, and Processing Speed was conducted and was interpreted in the context of the State, Scar and Trait hypotheses. Defining the neurocognitive profiles in MDD will have consequences for personalized evaluation and treatment of residual cognitive symptoms, and etiological understanding of mood disorders, and treatments could potentially reduce or delay the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
越来越多的研究从重度抑郁症（MDD）的急性期到缓解期的角度来研究认知功能。在症状期观察到的一些认知缺陷在缓解期持续存在，表现为 或 。文献中报道的神经认知特征的病因起源和临床后果仍不清楚，并且可能因人群而异。人们怀疑这些缺陷会影响MDD与神经退行性疾病之间的关联，因此可能具有特殊的临床意义。本综述的目的是描述MDD的临床神经心理学特征，以及它在过去十年中从状态、特质和疤痕的角度与MDD认知缺陷研究的关系。本综述从临床角度，以长期视角研究了过去十年中关于MDD认知功能的研究。我们关注缺陷的临床表现，以及MDD神经认知特征潜在的神经退行性后果。在Medline、PsycINFO和Embase中进行了检索，目标是2010年至2020年发表的文章。对记忆、执行功能、注意力和处理速度等认知领域中重度抑郁症长期神经认知缺陷的证据进行了审查，并在状态、疤痕和特质假说的背景下进行了解释。定义MDD的神经认知特征将对残留认知症状的个性化评估和治疗、情绪障碍的病因理解产生影响，并且治疗可能会减少或延迟神经退行性疾病的发展。
