Dyczko Dagmara, Kiewra Dorota, Kolanek Aleksandra, Błażej Paweł
Department of Microbial Ecology and Acaroentomology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Geoinformatics and Cartography, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wroclaw, pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137, Wroclaw, Poland.
Parasitol Res. 2022 Jun;121(6):1575-1585. doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07493-9. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Ticks are important ectoparasites and vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. The natural habitat of Ixodes ricinus ticks is forests, which are convenient habitats to search for hosts, including reservoir hosts, and therefore can be an important habitat source of tick-borne pathogens. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of detailed forest habitat-type maps to estimate the tick-borne risk at a local scale (Lower Silesia, SW Poland). For the purposes of estimating tick abundance, we used the land cover maps available from the Forest Data Bank. For I. ricinus collection, nine sites located in three forest habitat types were chosen: broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest and coniferous forest. Ticks were collected once a month from April to June 2018 and 2019 using the standard flagging method. At each of the nine sites, ticks were collected in four plots, of 100 m each. Tick abundance was analysed using general linear mixed models (GLMM). A total of 2196 (10.1/100 m) ticks were collected, including 2093 Ixodes ricinus (95.3%; 9.6/100 m), 46 Dermacentor reticulatus (2.1%; 0.2/100 m) and 57 Haemaphysalis concinna (2.6%; 0.3/100 m). Among the collected I. ricinus were 589 larvae (28.1%; 2.7/100 m), 1261 nymphs (60.3%; 5.8/100 m), 128 females (6.1%; 0.6/100 m) and 115 males (5.5%; 0.5/100 m). We found a highly significant effect of forest habitat type on the density of ticks for broadleaf forest (coefficient = 1.87267, p-value = 2.79e - 07). Additionally, a significant influence of air temperature and relative humidity on the abundance of ticks was observed. During spring, the peak activity of I. ricinus was recorded in May and June. For DNA amplification of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., a nested PCR method was used. Out of 494 I. ricinus, 83 (16.8%) were positive for Borrelia spp. The RFLP method showed the occurrence of five species including four belonging to the B. burgdorferi s.l. complex: B. afzelii (30.1%), B. garinii (38.6%), B. valaisiana (2.4%) and B. lusitaniae (18.1%). Furthermore, B. miyamotoi (9.6%), a species belonging to bacteria that cause relapsing fever as well as co-infection of B. miyamotoi/B.lusitaniae (1.2%) were found. The differences in the infection level of Borrelia spp. between broadleaf forest and mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest were statistically significant.
蜱是重要的体外寄生虫和病原体传播媒介，可导致人类和动物患病。蓖麻硬蜱的自然栖息地是森林，森林是寻找宿主（包括储存宿主）的便利栖息地，因此可能是蜱传病原体的重要栖息地来源。本研究的目的是评估详细的森林栖息地类型地图在估计当地（波兰西南部下西里西亚）蜱传风险方面的实用性。为了估计蜱的丰度，我们使用了森林数据库中的土地覆盖图。为了采集蓖麻硬蜱，在三种森林栖息地类型中选择了九个地点：阔叶林、阔叶与针叶混交林和针叶林。在2018年4月至6月以及2019年期间，每月使用标准拖旗法采集一次蜱。在九个地点中的每个地点，在四个100米的地块中采集蜱。使用广义线性混合模型（GLMM）分析蜱的丰度。共采集到2196只蜱（10.1只/100米），其中包括2093只蓖麻硬蜱（95.3%；9.6只/100米）、46只网纹革蜱（2.1%；0.2只/100米）和57只日本血蜱（2.6%；0.3只/100米）。在采集到的蓖麻硬蜱中，有589只幼虫（28.1%；2.7只/100米）、1261只若虫（60.3%；5.8只/100米）、128只雌蜱（6.1%；0.6只/100米）和115只雄蜱（5.5%；0.5只/100米）。我们发现森林栖息地类型对阔叶林蜱密度有极显著影响（系数 = 1.87267，p值 = 2.79e - 07）。此外，观察到气温和相对湿度对蜱的丰度有显著影响。在春季，蓖麻硬蜱的活动高峰期出现在5月和6月。对于伯氏疏螺旋体狭义种的DNA扩增，使用了巢式PCR方法。在494只蓖麻硬蜱中，83只（16.8%）伯氏疏螺旋体属呈阳性。RFLP方法显示存在五个物种，其中四个属于伯氏疏螺旋体狭义种复合体：阿氏疏螺旋体（30.1%）、加氏疏螺旋体（38.6%）、瓦氏疏螺旋体（2.4%）和葡萄牙疏螺旋体（18.1%）。此外，还发现了引起回归热的米亚罗蜱疏螺旋体（9.6%）以及米亚罗蜱疏螺旋体/葡萄牙疏螺旋体的共感染（1.2%）。阔叶林和阔叶与针叶混交林之间伯氏疏螺旋体属的感染水平差异具有统计学意义。
