Sun Hai, Qian Jia-Qi, Zhang Xiao-Bo, Guo Lan-Ping, Zhang Ya-Yu
Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun 130112, China Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and Propagation Changchun 130112, China.
National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2022 Mar;47(6):1427-1432. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211209.101.
Panax ginseng, a perennial herb, is prone to diseases and insect pests in the growth process, which are primarily prevented and treated by pesticides. However, due to the lack of standardization in the types, frequencies, and doses of pesticides, pesticide residues have become the main exogenous pollutants of P. ginseng. To explore the risk of pesticide residues in P. ginseng, this paper summarized and analyzed the common pesticide residues in P. ginseng, detection techniques, and pesticide residue limit stan-dards based on the published literature in recent years. The results revealed that the main pesticide residues in P. ginseng were organochlorine pesticides, such as tetrachloronitrobenzene, pentachloronitrobenzene, and hexachlorobenzene, and the detection techniques were dominated by gas chromatography(GC), liquid chromatography(LC), or those combined with mass spectrometry(MS). Because of the long half-life and difficulty in degradation, organochlorine pesticides have become the main factor affecting the export of P. ginseng. It is worth mentioning that P. ginseng has been classified as food in Japan, South Korea, the European Union, and other countries, and the standards of pesticide residues and limits are stricter than those in China. The quality and safety of P. ginseng are prerequisites for the efficacy of Chinese medicine and the development of traditional Chinese medicine. The formulation of scientific and effective standards for pesticide application and limits would promote the high-quality development of the P. ginseng industry.
人参是一种多年生草本植物，在生长过程中易受病虫害侵袭，主要通过农药进行防治。然而，由于农药种类、使用频率和剂量缺乏标准化，农药残留已成为人参的主要外源污染物。为探究人参农药残留风险，本文基于近年来发表的文献，对人参中常见的农药残留、检测技术及农药残留限量标准进行了总结与分析。结果表明，人参中的主要农药残留为有机氯农药，如四氯硝基苯、五氯硝基苯和六氯苯，检测技术主要以气相色谱法（GC）、液相色谱法（LC）或与质谱联用（MS）为主。由于有机氯农药半衰期长且降解困难，已成为影响人参出口的主要因素。值得一提的是，在日本、韩国、欧盟等国家，人参已被归类为食品，其农药残留标准和限量比中国更为严格。人参的质量安全是中药疗效和中医药发展的前提。制定科学有效的农药使用和限量标准将促进人参产业的高质量发展。
