Department of Social Work, University of Delhi, New Delhi.
Social Work Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar College, University of Delhi, New Delhi.
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2022 Mar 25;92(4). doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2229.
Smoking tobacco is associated with lung cancer and other life-threatening diseases which requires serious action to curb it. Tobacco cessation interventions are available as pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods or a combination of both. The present review examines the effectiveness of the existing non-pharmacological tobacco cessation interventions and synthesizes the result for the future development of drug-free treatment in the community for tobacco cessation. The literature search was conducted in August 2020, using two electronic databases (PubMed and JSTOR), with search terms: ['tobacco cessation' OR 'smoking cessation'] AND ['intervention'] which included studies published during 2010 and 2020 (till 31st July 2020). All studies were limited to English language, human participants and excluded patients with comorbidities. A total of 2,114 publications were retrieved out of which 11 articles were reviewed. On the basis of intervention used in reviewed studies, we categorized them into seven categories: i. incentive-based intervention, ii. exercise based, iii. telephone-based proactive counselling, iv. mobile phone SMS (Short Message Service) based, v. smartphone app (application) based, vi. web-based intervention, vii. self-help material. Incentives were provided in most of the studies to maintain the retention rate and motivate the participants for completing follow-up. Non-pharmacological interventions for tobacco cessation include a combination of various elements. Our findings suggest that behavioural counselling is one of the most important elements of any non-pharmacological intervention. In addition to behaviour counselling, yoga and exercises along with self-help material, video and phone counselling may have higher efficacy. Thus, practicing non-pharmacological interventions may also increase the cessation rate and reduce the tobacco use burden.
吸烟与肺癌和其他危及生命的疾病有关，需要采取严厉措施加以遏制。目前已有药物和非药物方法，或两者结合的戒烟干预措施。本综述旨在评估现有非药物戒烟干预措施的有效性，并为今后在社区开展无药物治疗以帮助人们戒烟提供参考。文献检索于 2020 年 8 月进行，使用了两个电子数据库（PubMed 和 JSTOR），检索词为：['戒烟'或'吸烟戒断'] AND ['干预']，包括 2010 年至 2020 年（2020 年 7 月 31 日）期间发表的研究。所有研究均限于英语、人类参与者，并排除了合并症患者。共检索到 2114 篇文献，其中 11 篇进行了综述。根据综述研究中使用的干预措施，我们将其分为七类：i. 基于激励的干预，ii. 基于运动的干预，iii. 基于电话的主动咨询，iv. 基于手机短信的干预，v. 基于智能手机应用程序的干预，vi. 基于网络的干预，vii. 自助材料。在大多数研究中都提供了激励措施，以维持保留率并激励参与者完成随访。戒烟的非药物干预措施包括各种元素的结合。我们的研究结果表明，行为咨询是任何非药物干预措施中最重要的元素之一。除行为咨询外，瑜伽和运动以及自助材料、视频和电话咨询可能更有效。因此，实施非药物干预措施可能会提高戒烟率并减轻烟草使用负担。
