Singh Shivani, Weiss Anne, Goodman James, Fisk Marie, Kulkarni Spoorthy, Lu Ing, Gray Joanna, Smith Rona, Sommer Morten, Cheriyan Joseph
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Br J Pharmacol. 2022 Jul;179(13):3250-3267. doi: 10.1111/bph.15843. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
Vaccines have reduced the transmission and severity of COVID-19, but there remains a paucity of efficacious treatment for drug-resistant strains and more susceptible individuals, particularly those who mount a suboptimal vaccine response, either due to underlying health conditions or concomitant therapies. Repurposing existing drugs is a timely, safe and scientifically robust method for treating pandemics, such as COVID-19. Here, we review the pharmacology and scientific rationale for repurposing niclosamide, an anti-helminth already in human use as a treatment for COVID-19. In addition, its potent antiviral activity, niclosamide has shown pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, bronchodilatory and anticancer effects in numerous preclinical and early clinical studies. The advantages and rationale for nebulized and intranasal formulations of niclosamide, which target the site of the primary infection in COVID-19, are reviewed. Finally, we give an overview of ongoing clinical trials investigating niclosamide as a promising candidate against SARS-CoV-2.
疫苗已降低了新冠病毒的传播率和严重程度，但对于耐药菌株以及更易感染的个体，尤其是那些由于基础健康状况或同时进行的治疗而疫苗反应欠佳的个体，仍然缺乏有效的治疗方法。重新利用现有药物是治疗大流行疾病（如新冠病毒）的一种及时、安全且科学可靠的方法。在此，我们综述了将已在人类中用作抗蠕虫药物的氯硝柳胺重新用于治疗新冠病毒的药理学和科学依据。此外，除了其强大的抗病毒活性外，氯硝柳胺在众多临床前和早期临床研究中还显示出多效抗炎、抗菌、支气管扩张和抗癌作用。我们还综述了以新冠病毒主要感染部位为靶点的氯硝柳胺雾化吸入和鼻内给药制剂的优势和原理。最后，我们概述了正在进行的将氯硝柳胺作为抗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的有前景候选药物的临床试验。
