Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Brain. 2022 Jun 3;145(5):1610-1623. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac114.
The claustrum is the most densely interconnected region in the human brain. Despite the accumulating data from clinical and experimental studies, the functional role of the claustrum remains unknown. Here, we systematically review claustrum lesion studies and discuss their functional implications. Claustral lesions are associated with an array of signs and symptoms, including changes in cognitive, perceptual and motor abilities; electrical activity; mental state; and sleep. The wide range of symptoms observed following claustral lesions do not provide compelling evidence to support prominent current theories of claustrum function such as multisensory integration or salience computation. Conversely, the lesions studies support the hypothesis that the claustrum regulates cortical excitability. We argue that the claustrum is connected to, or part of, multiple brain networks that perform both fundamental and higher cognitive functions. As a multifunctional node in numerous networks, this may explain the manifold effects of claustrum damage on brain and behaviour.
屏状核是人类大脑中连接最为紧密的区域。尽管临床和实验研究积累了越来越多的数据，但屏状核的功能作用仍然未知。在此，我们系统地回顾了屏状核损伤研究，并讨论了其功能意义。屏状核损伤与一系列症状和体征相关，包括认知、感知和运动能力的变化；电活动；心理状态；和睡眠。在屏状核损伤后观察到的广泛的症状并没有提供有力的证据来支持当前关于屏状核功能的突出理论，如多感觉整合或显着性计算。相反，这些损伤研究支持了屏状核调节皮层兴奋性的假说。我们认为，屏状核与执行基本和高级认知功能的多个大脑网络相连，或者是这些网络的一部分。作为多个网络中的多功能节点，这可能解释了屏状核损伤对大脑和行为的多种影响。
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