Pancreatic and Biliary Disease Program, Department of Digestive Diseases, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, South Tower, Suite 7511, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
Dig Dis Sci. 2022 May;67(5):1613-1623. doi: 10.1007/s10620-022-07424-9. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Over 30% of all endoscopic retrograde cholangiography procedures in the US are associated with biliary stone extraction, and over 10-15% of these cases are noted to be complex or difficult. The aim of this review is to define the characteristics of difficult common bile duct stones and provide an algorithmic therapeutic approach to these difficult cases. We describe additional special clinical circumstances in which difficult biliary stones are identified and provide additional management strategies to aid endoscopic stone extraction efforts.
超过 30%的美国内镜逆行胰胆管造影术与胆管结石取石术有关，其中超过 10-15%的病例被认为是复杂或困难的。本综述的目的是定义困难的胆总管结石的特征，并为这些困难病例提供一种算法治疗方法。我们描述了在哪些特殊临床情况下会发现困难的胆管结石，并提供了额外的管理策略，以帮助内镜取石。
