Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Neurocognition Group | LabRP, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; HEI-LAB, Lusófona University, Portugal.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2022 Jun;94:102145. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102145. Epub 2022 Mar 20.
The current meta-analysis includes 477 records (N = 142,692) and comprehensively explores the complex interplay between psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and empathy. First, empathy domains (cognitive and affective) were used to dissociate antisocial behavior from psychopathy. Cognitive empathy was more impaired in antisocial groups (g = -0.43; g = -0.11), while samples scoring higher in psychopathy displayed larger deficits in affective empathy (g = -0.40; g = -0.22). Secondly, the specific associations between empathy domains and psychopathy dimensions were evaluated. Most effect sizes pertaining to psychopathy traits closely related to antisocial behavior were mild for both empathy domains (r = -0.03 to -0.21). Callous-affective traits were largely correlated with affective empathy (r = -0.34 to -0.46) and moderately correlated to cognitive empathy (r = -0.26 to -0.27). Diverging results were found for the interpersonal dimension, as boldness-adaptive manifestations were unrelated to cognitive empathy (r = 0.03), while non-adaptive interpersonal traits were negatively associated with both empathy domains (r = -0.16; r = -0.25). Overall, these findings suggest that: (1) psychopathy and antisocial behavior display distinct empathic profiles; (2) psychopathy dimensions are differentially associated with cognitive and affective empathy; (3) the interaction between interpersonal traits and empathy domains is different across the conceptual models of psychopathy.
当前的荟萃分析共纳入 477 项研究记录（N=142692），全面探讨了精神病态、反社会行为和同理心之间的复杂相互作用。首先，使用同理心领域（认知和情感）将反社会行为与精神病态区分开来。在反社会组中，认知同理心受损更严重（g=-0.43；g=-0.11），而精神病态得分较高的样本在情感同理心方面表现出更大的缺陷（g=-0.40；g=-0.22）。其次，评估了同理心领域与精神病态维度之间的特定关联。与反社会行为密切相关的精神病态特征的大多数效应大小对于两个同理心领域来说都是轻度的（r=-0.03 至-0.21）。冷酷-情感特征与情感同理心（r=-0.34 至-0.46）高度相关，与认知同理心中度相关（r=-0.26 至-0.27）。对于人际维度，得出了不同的结果，因为大胆适应表现与认知同理心无关（r=0.03），而不适应的人际特征与两个同理心领域都呈负相关（r=-0.16；r=-0.25）。总的来说，这些发现表明：（1）精神病态和反社会行为表现出不同的同理心特征；（2）精神病态维度与认知和情感同理心有差异相关；（3）人际特征与同理心领域之间的相互作用在精神病态的不同概念模型中是不同的。
