Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Biol. 2022 Mar 28;32(6):R257-R264. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.023.
All animals, from cnidarians to humans, are colonized with microbes, and the greatest diversity and magnitude of these host-associated microorganisms resides within the intestine. Referred to as the gut microbiome, membership can be as simple as one species of bacteria or can be composed of hundreds to thousands of different microbes across the domains of life. The relationship between the gut microbiome and host span from beneficial to detrimental; interactions may be context-dependent and occur across host physiology and organ systems. In this Primer, we focus on the mammalian host to discuss basic mechanisms by which the gut microbiome impacts the host and review mechanisms by which hosts and the environment shape the microbiome. We end by highlighting key concepts and discussing future directions for the field that will be critical for generating the next generation of knowledge of the gut microbiome.
所有动物，从刺胞动物到人，都被微生物定植，而这些与宿主相关的微生物中最大的多样性和数量存在于肠道内。这些微生物被称为肠道微生物组，成员可以是一种细菌，也可以是跨越生命领域的数百到数千种不同微生物的组合。肠道微生物组与宿主之间的关系从有益到有害；相互作用可能取决于具体情况，并发生在宿主的生理和器官系统中。在这篇概述中，我们将重点讨论哺乳动物宿主，讨论肠道微生物组影响宿主的基本机制，并综述宿主和环境塑造微生物组的机制。最后，我们强调了该领域的关键概念，并讨论了未来的方向，这对于产生肠道微生物组的下一代知识将是至关重要的。
