Teglas Timea, Radak Zsolt
Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 15;12:1572687. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1572687. eCollection 2025.
The association between microbiota and physical activity is currently a key focus in sports performance research, and the effects of probiotics administration on athletes represent a relatively new area of research. While existing research highlights the promising potential of probiotics, our understanding of how they benefit highly active individuals remains incomplete. Nonetheless, it appears that probiotics have a beneficial effect on mental health, cognitive functions, sleep, gastrointestinal, and upper respiratory symptoms in adult humans. Additionally, the probiotic supplementation and their performance effects of different types of exercise are crucial when building a training program. In most cases, probiotic supplementation is effective in two major types of exercise: probiotics show strain and duration-specific effects both on endurance-based and intermittent-exercise associated sport. The supplementation can reduce inflammatory process activity and stress-related factors, e.g., anxiety, depression, in intermittent exercise-associated sports. In endurance-based sports, probiotics enhanced lipid metabolites, including short-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids, modulated the maximal oxygen capacity, and reduced gastrointestinal symptoms. Exploring the relationship between probiotics, microbiome, and exercise performance could offer valuable insights for optimizing training techniques and strategies for professional athletes.
微生物群与身体活动之间的关联目前是运动表现研究的一个关键重点，而益生菌给药对运动员的影响是一个相对较新的研究领域。虽然现有研究突出了益生菌的潜在前景，但我们对它们如何使高度活跃的个体受益的理解仍不完整。尽管如此，益生菌似乎对成年人的心理健康、认知功能、睡眠、胃肠道和上呼吸道症状具有有益作用。此外，在制定训练计划时，不同类型运动的益生菌补充及其对运动表现的影响至关重要。在大多数情况下，益生菌补充对两种主要类型的运动有效：益生菌对基于耐力的运动和与间歇性运动相关的运动均显示出菌株和持续时间特异性效应。在与间歇性运动相关的运动中，补充益生菌可以降低炎症过程活动以及与压力相关的因素，如焦虑、抑郁。在基于耐力的运动中，益生菌会增加脂质代谢产物，包括短链和多不饱和脂肪酸，调节最大氧容量，并减轻胃肠道症状。探索益生菌菌群、微生物组与运动表现之间的关系可为优化职业运动员的训练技术和策略提供有价值的见解。
