Servicio de Hematología, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico.
Servicio de Hematología, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
Gac Med Mex. 2022;158(M3):M1-M48. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M21000598.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic cell neoplasms of myeloid lineage that arise from the clonal expansion of their precursors in the bone marrow, interfering with cell differentiation, leading to a syndrome of bone marrow failure. AML is a consequence of genetic and epigenetic changes (point mutations, gene rearrangements, deletions, amplifications, and arrangements in epigenetic changes that influence gene expression) in hematopoietic precursor cells, which create a clone of abnormal cells that are capable of proliferating but cannot differentiate into mature hematopoietic cells or undergo programmed cell death. The diagnosis requires more than 20% myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and certain cytogenic abnormalities. Treatment will depend on age, comorbidities, and cytogenetic risk among the most frequent.
急性髓系白血病（AML）是一组异质性的造血细胞肿瘤，起源于骨髓中前体细胞的克隆性扩增，干扰细胞分化，导致骨髓衰竭综合征。AML 是造血前体细胞中遗传和表观遗传变化（点突变、基因重排、缺失、扩增和影响基因表达的表观遗传变化的排列）的结果，这些变化产生了一个异常细胞克隆，这些细胞能够增殖，但不能分化为成熟的造血细胞或经历程序性细胞死亡。诊断需要骨髓中超过 20%的髓样母细胞和某些细胞遗传学异常。治疗将取决于年龄、合并症和最常见的细胞遗传学风险。
