Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
Spine J. 2022 Aug;22(8):1372-1387. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.03.012. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that affects about 17,000 individuals every year in the United States, with approximately 294,000 people living with the ramifications of the initial injury. After the initial primary injury, SCI has a secondary phase during which the spinal cord sustains further injury due to ischemia, excitotoxicity, immune-mediated damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The multifaceted injury progression process requires a sophisticated injury-monitoring technique for an accurate assessment of SCI patients. In this narrative review, we discuss SCI monitoring modalities, including pressure probes and catheters, micro dialysis, electrophysiologic measures, biomarkers, and imaging studies. The optimal next-generation injury monitoring setup should include multiple modalities and should integrate the data to produce a final simplified assessment of the injury and determine markers of intervention to improve patient outcomes.
脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种毁灭性的疾病，每年在美国影响约 17000 人，约有 294000 人因最初的损伤而遭受后果。在最初的原发性损伤后，SCI 进入继发性阶段，在此期间，脊髓由于缺血、兴奋毒性、免疫介导的损伤、线粒体功能障碍、细胞凋亡和氧化应激而进一步受损。这种多方面的损伤进展过程需要一种复杂的损伤监测技术来对 SCI 患者进行准确评估。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们讨论了 SCI 监测方式，包括压力探头和导管、微透析、电生理测量、生物标志物和影像学研究。最佳的下一代损伤监测设置应包括多种方式，并应整合数据，以对损伤进行最终简化评估，并确定干预标志物，以改善患者的预后。
