Bhatt Shvetank, Kanoujia Jovita, Mohana Lakshmi S, Patil C R, Gupta Gaurav, Chellappan Dinesh Kumar, Dua Kamal
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior -474005, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Department of Pharmacology, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2023;22(2):276-288. doi: 10.2174/1871527321666220329140804.
The human gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of central nervous system-related diseases. Recent studies suggest correlations between the altered gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD). It is proposed that normalization of the gut microbiota alleviates MDD. The imbalance of brain-gut-microbiota axis also results in dysregulation of the hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. This imbalance has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Treatment strategies with certain antibiotics lead to the depletion of useful microbes and thereby induce depression like effects in subjects. Microbiota is also involved in the synthesis of various neurotransmitters (NTs) like 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT; serotonin), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). In addition to NTs, the gut microbiota also has an influence on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Recent research findings have exhibited that transfer of stress prone microbiota in mice is also responsible for depression and anxiety-like behaviour in animals. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and proper diet have shown beneficial effects in the regulation of depression pathogenesis. Moreover, transplantation of fecal microbiota from depressed individuals to normal subjects also induces depression-like symptoms. With the precedence of limited therapeutic benefits from monoamine targeting drugs, the regulation of brain-gut microbiota is emerging as a new treatment modality for MDDs. In this review, we elaborate on the significance of brain-gut-microbiota axis in the progression of MDD, particularly focusing on the modulation of the gut microbiota as a mode of treating MDD.
人类肠道微生物群在中枢神经系统相关疾病的病理生理学中起着重要作用。最近的研究表明，肠道微生物群的改变与重度抑郁症（MDD）之间存在关联。有人提出，肠道微生物群的正常化可缓解MDD。脑-肠-微生物群轴的失衡还会导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的调节异常。这种失衡在抑郁症的发病机制中起着关键作用。使用某些抗生素的治疗策略会导致有益微生物的减少，从而在受试者中诱发类似抑郁症的效应。微生物群还参与多种神经递质（NTs）的合成，如5-羟色胺（5-HT；血清素）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）和多巴胺（DA）。除了神经递质外，肠道微生物群还对脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平有影响。最近的研究结果表明，将易应激的微生物群转移到小鼠体内也会导致动物出现抑郁和焦虑样行为。使用益生菌、益生元、合生元和合理饮食已显示出在调节抑郁症发病机制方面的有益作用。此外，将抑郁症患者的粪便微生物群移植到正常受试者体内也会诱发类似抑郁症的症状。鉴于单胺靶向药物的治疗益处有限，调节脑-肠微生物群正成为治疗MDD的一种新的治疗方式。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了脑-肠-微生物群轴在MDD进展中的重要性，特别关注调节肠道微生物群作为治疗MDD的一种方式。
