Dai Haochen, Yang Haiyi, Wang Rui, Wang Xuanpeng, Zhang Xin
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 29;17(9):1505. doi: 10.3390/nu17091505.
Gut microbiota play a critical role in mediating the bidirectional association between cancer and depression. Emerging evidence indicates that adjusting the dietary component intake can significantly alter gut microbiota composition, thereby influencing the host's metabolism and immune function. Changes in gut microbiota and their metabolites may represent key factors in preventing cancer-depression comorbidity.
English publications were searched in databases including the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed using a series of keywords: "cancer", "depression", "gut microbiota", "dietary components", and related terms, individually or in combination. The search focused on preclinical and clinical studies describing the regulatory effects of dietary component interventions.
This narrative review summarizes the associations among gut microbiota, cancer, and depression, and synthesizes current evidence on the modulatory effects and mechanisms of specific dietary component interventions, including dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and diet-derived phytochemicals, on gut microbiota. On the one hand, these interventions inhibit abnormal proliferation signals in the tumor microenvironment and enhance anticancer immune responses; on the other hand, they modulate neurotransmitter homeostasis, suppress neuroinflammation, and improve mood behaviors through the gut-brain axis interactions mediated by microbial metabolites.
The complex associations among cancer, depression, and gut microbiota require further clarification. Modulating gut microbiota composition through dietary components represents a novel therapeutic strategy for improving cancer-depression comorbidity. Regulated gut microbiota enhance immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function, while their metabolites bidirectionally modulate one another via systemic circulation and the gut-brain axis, thereby improving both the tumor microenvironment and depressive-like behaviors in cancer patients while reducing the adverse effects of cancer.
肠道微生物群在介导癌症与抑郁症之间的双向关联中起着关键作用。新出现的证据表明，调整饮食成分摄入量可显著改变肠道微生物群组成，从而影响宿主的代谢和免疫功能。肠道微生物群及其代谢产物的变化可能是预防癌症-抑郁症共病的关键因素。
在包括科学网、Scopus和PubMed在内的数据库中检索英文出版物，使用一系列关键词：“癌症”、“抑郁症”、“肠道微生物群”、“饮食成分”及相关术语，单独或组合使用。检索重点是描述饮食成分干预调节作用的临床前和临床研究。
本叙述性综述总结了肠道微生物群、癌症和抑郁症之间的关联，并综合了当前关于特定饮食成分干预（包括饮食模式、益生菌、益生元及饮食衍生的植物化学物质）对肠道微生物群的调节作用和机制的证据。一方面，这些干预措施抑制肿瘤微环境中的异常增殖信号并增强抗癌免疫反应；另一方面，它们通过微生物代谢产物介导的肠-脑轴相互作用调节神经递质稳态、抑制神经炎症并改善情绪行为。
癌症、抑郁症和肠道微生物群之间的复杂关联需要进一步阐明。通过饮食成分调节肠道微生物群组成是改善癌症-抑郁症共病的一种新治疗策略。调节后的肠道微生物群增强免疫稳态和肠道屏障功能，而它们的代谢产物通过全身循环和肠-脑轴相互双向调节，从而改善癌症患者的肿瘤微环境和抑郁样行为，同时减少癌症的不良反应。
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