Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107, YanJiang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;17(4):317-327. doi: 10.2174/1574888X17666220330005937.
Benefiting from in-depth research into stem cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are byproducts of cells and membrane-wrapped microvesicles (30-120 nm) containing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, may cast light on the research and development of therapeutics capable of improving the neurological recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) animals. However, the mechanistic modes of action for EVs in alleviating the lesion size of SCI remain to be solved, thus presenting a tremendous gap existing in translation from the laboratory to the clinic.
The purpose of this minireview was to cover a wide range of basic views on EVs involved in SCI treatment, including the effects of EVs on the pathogenesis, treatment, and diagnosis of spinal cord injury.
We searched databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and EMBASE) and acquired all accessible articles published in the English language within five years. Studies reporting laboratory applications of EVs in the treatment of SCI were included and screened to include studies presenting relevant molecular mechanisms.
This review first summarized the basic role of EVs in cell communication, cell death, inflammatory cascades, scar formation, neuronal regrowth, and angiogenesis after SCI, thereby providing insights into neuroprotection and consolidated theories for future clinical application of EVs.
EVs participate in an extremely wide range of cell activities, play a critical role in cell communication centring neurons, and are considered potential therapies and biomarkers for SCI. miRNAs are the most abundant nucleic acids shipped by EVs and effluent cytokines, and they may represent important messengers of EVs and important factors in SCI treatment.
得益于对干细胞的深入研究，细胞外囊泡（EVs）作为细胞的副产品，是含有脂质、蛋白质和核酸的膜包裹的微囊泡（30-120nm），可能为治疗脊髓损伤（SCI）动物的神经恢复的疗法的研究和开发带来曙光。然而，EVs 缓解 SCI 病变大小的作用机制尚待解决，因此从实验室到临床的转化存在巨大差距。
本综述旨在涵盖广泛的关于 EVs 参与 SCI 治疗的基本观点，包括 EVs 对 SCI 发病机制、治疗和诊断的影响。
我们检索了数据库（即 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Medline 和 EMBASE），并获取了五年内以英文发表的所有可获取的文章。纳入并筛选了报道 EVs 在 SCI 治疗中实验室应用的研究，以纳入报告相关分子机制的研究。
本综述首先总结了 EVs 在 SCI 后细胞通讯、细胞死亡、炎症级联、瘢痕形成、神经元再生和血管生成中的基本作用，从而为 EVs 的神经保护作用和未来临床应用提供了理论依据。
EVs 参与了极其广泛的细胞活动，在以神经元为中心的细胞通讯中发挥着关键作用，被认为是 SCI 的潜在治疗方法和生物标志物。miRNAs 是 EVs 中含量最丰富的核酸和流出细胞因子，它们可能代表 EVs 的重要信使和 SCI 治疗中的重要因素。
