Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, PL 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
Sports Med. 2022 Sep;52(9):2013-2021. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01660-9. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
Upper respiratory tract infections ("common cold") are the most common acute illnesses in elite athletes. Numerous studies on exercise immunology have proposed that intense exercise may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections. Virological data to support that view are sparse, and several fundamental questions remain. Immunity to respiratory viral infections is highly complex, and there is a lack of evidence that minor short- or long-term alterations in immunity in elite athletes have clinical implications. The degree to which athletes are infected by respiratory viruses is unclear. During major sport events, athletes are at an increased risk of symptomatic infections caused by the same viruses as those in the general population. The symptoms are usually mild and self-limiting. It is anecdotally known that athletes commonly exercise and compete while having a respiratory viral infection; there are no virological studies to suggest that such activity would affect either the illness or the performance. The risk of myocarditis exists. Which simple mitigation procedures are crucial for effective control of seasonal respiratory viral infections is not known.
上呼吸道感染（“普通感冒”）是精英运动员中最常见的急性疾病。大量关于运动免疫学的研究表明，剧烈运动可能会增加呼吸道感染的易感性。支持这种观点的病毒学数据很少，还有一些基本问题仍然存在。呼吸道病毒感染的免疫机制非常复杂，目前尚无证据表明精英运动员的免疫功能短期或长期的轻微改变具有临床意义。运动员感染呼吸道病毒的程度尚不清楚。在重大体育赛事期间，运动员患与普通人群相同病毒引起的有症状感染的风险增加。这些症状通常较轻且具有自限性。据传闻，运动员在患有呼吸道病毒感染时经常进行运动和比赛；没有病毒学研究表明这种活动会影响疾病或表现。心肌炎的风险是存在的。目前尚不清楚哪些简单的缓解措施对于有效控制季节性呼吸道病毒感染至关重要。
