Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, California 92521, United States.
Department of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Apr 19;56(8):5071-5080. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06609. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
Two commonly used insecticides, bifenthrin and fipronil, can accumulate in the prey of juvenile Chinook salmon, yet the effects of dietary exposure are not understood. Therefore, to better characterize the effect of a dietary exposure route, juvenile Chinook salmon were fed chironomids dosed with a concentration of 9 or 900 ng/g of bifenthrin, fipronil, or their mixture for 25 days at concentrations previously measured in field-collected samples. Chinook were assessed for maximum swimming performance () using a short-duration constant acceleration test and biochemical responses related to energetic processes (glucose levels) and liver health (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity). Chinook exposed to bifenthrin and bifenthrin and fipronil mixtures had a significantly reduced swimming performance, although not when exposed to fipronil alone. The AST activity was significantly increased in bifenthrin and mixture treatments and glucose levels were increased in Chinook following a mixture treatment, although not when exposed to fipronil alone. These findings suggest that there are different metabolic processes between bifenthrin and fipronil following dietary uptake that may influence toxicity. The significant reductions in swimming performance and increased levels of biochemical processes involved in energetics and fish heath could have implications for foraging activity and predator avoidance in wild fish at sensitive life stages.
两种常用的杀虫剂，联苯菊酯和氟虫腈，会在幼年奇努克鲑鱼的食物中积累，但尚不清楚其饮食暴露的影响。因此，为了更好地描述饮食暴露途径的影响，将喂食了 9 或 900ng/g 联苯菊酯、氟虫腈或其混合物的摇蚊幼虫喂养给 25 天龄的幼年奇努克鲑鱼，浓度与先前在野外采集的样本中测量的浓度一致。使用短时间恒定加速测试评估奇努克鲑鱼的最大游泳性能 ()，并评估与能量代谢过程（葡萄糖水平）和肝脏健康（天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性）相关的生化反应。接触联苯菊酯和联苯菊酯与氟虫腈混合物的奇努克鲑鱼的游泳性能明显降低，而单独接触氟虫腈则不会。AST 活性在联苯菊酯和混合物处理中显著增加，混合物处理后奇努克鲑鱼的葡萄糖水平增加，而单独接触氟虫腈则不会。这些发现表明，在饮食摄入后，联苯菊酯和氟虫腈之间存在不同的代谢过程，这可能会影响毒性。游泳性能的显著降低以及与能量代谢和鱼类健康相关的生化过程水平的增加，可能对处于敏感生命阶段的野生鱼类的觅食活动和逃避捕食者产生影响。
