Farag Mayada R, Alagawany Mahmoud, Taha Heba S A, Ismail Tamer Ahmed, Khalil Samah R, Abou-Zeid Shimaa M
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Apr 10;216:112205. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112205.
Bifenthrin (BF) is a widely used 3rd generation type I pyrethroid with a potential toxic effect in fish. Nevertheless, its effect on the immune system remains unclear. In the present study, Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to BF at 0.68 μg/L for 60 days, followed by evaluating the hematological, biochemical, and immunological responses. Additionally, the potential of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil (PEO) to ameliorate the BF-induced toxic insults was explored. Our data have shown reductions in the growth performance with alterations observed in the hematological variables, protein profile and serum biomarkers of stress. DNA oxidative damage was evidenced by elevation of serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content. BF-exposed fish presented also decline in serum lysozyme activity and levels of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) and nitric oxide (NO), with diminished resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Furthermore, the RT-PCR analysis showed an upregulated expression pattern of immune -related genes including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon - γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α) genes in the liver tissue. Dietary co-supplementation of PEO at 1 or 2 mL/kg diet with concomitant BF exposure, alleviated the adverse effects of the insecticide in a dose-dependent manner. The observations from this study demonstrate the immunomodulation by BF and provide further insight into the protective properties of PEO and strengthen its applicability as a promising feed supplement to fish.
联苯菊酯（BF）是一种广泛使用的第三代I型拟除虫菊酯，对鱼类具有潜在毒性作用。然而，其对免疫系统的影响仍不清楚。在本研究中，将尼罗罗非鱼暴露于0.68μg/L的BF中60天，随后评估血液学、生化和免疫反应。此外，还探讨了欧芹（Petroselinum crispum）精油（PEO）减轻BF诱导的毒性损伤的潜力。我们的数据显示，生长性能下降，血液学变量、蛋白质谱和应激血清生物标志物出现变化。血清8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）含量升高证明了DNA氧化损伤。暴露于BF的鱼血清溶菌酶活性、免疫球蛋白（IgG和IgM）水平和一氧化氮（NO）也下降，对嗜水气单胞菌攻击的抵抗力降低。此外，RT-PCR分析显示肝脏组织中包括白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）基因在内的免疫相关基因表达上调。在BF暴露的同时，在饲料中添加1或2mL/kg日粮的PEO，以剂量依赖的方式减轻了杀虫剂的不良反应。本研究的观察结果证明了BF的免疫调节作用，并进一步深入了解了PEO的保护特性，增强了其作为鱼类有前景的饲料添加剂的适用性。
