Bricaire F, Haas C, Patri B
Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1986;137(4):338-41.
Tuberculosis is one of the opportunist infections which may complicate the course of many immunodepressive conditions generally those affecting cell-mediated immunity as the Koch bacillus is an organism which develops intracellularly provoking the activation of the cellular type of defence reaction. Recently, patients with malignant disease and immunosuppressive therapy have been joined by those with the acquired immunodepressive syndrome. It is important to understand that the frequency of tuberculosis in immunodepression is a reflection of the frequency of the disease in the general population. In addition, the diagnosis of atypical forms of tuberculosis can be difficult: the presenting signs are not specific and extrapulmonary forms are common. Therefore, tuberculosis should be suspected whenever immunodepressed patients develop unexplained symptoms. All practical means of confirming the diagnosis should be employed and the patient given a course of antituberculous drugs if there is any doubt as early treatment is an important prognostic factor.
结核病是一种机会性感染，可能使许多免疫抑制状况的病程复杂化，通常是那些影响细胞介导免疫的状况，因为结核杆菌是一种在细胞内生长的生物体，会激发细胞型防御反应的激活。最近，除了患有恶性疾病并接受免疫抑制治疗的患者外，又出现了患有获得性免疫抑制综合征的患者。必须明白，免疫抑制患者中结核病的发病率反映了普通人群中该病的发病率。此外，非典型结核病的诊断可能很困难：其表现症状不具特异性，肺外形式很常见。因此，每当免疫抑制患者出现无法解释的症状时，都应怀疑患有结核病。应采用所有实际可行的诊断方法，如有任何疑问，应给予患者抗结核药物疗程，因为早期治疗是一个重要的预后因素。
