Hussain Azhar, Jiang Wenting, Wang Xiukang, Shahid Shumaila, Saba Noreena, Ahmad Maqshoof, Dar Abubakar, Masood Syed Usama, Imran Muhammad, Mustafa Adnan
Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 9;9:717064. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.717064. eCollection 2022.
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in humans is an emerging global health issue affecting approximately two billion people across the globe. The situation prevails due to the intake of Zn deficient grains and vegetables worldwide. Clinical identification of Zn deficiency in humans remains problematic because the symptoms do not appear until impair the vital organs, such as the gastrointestinal track, central nervous system, immune system, skeletal, and nervous system. Lower Zn body levels are also responsible for multiple physiological disorders, such as apoptosis, organs destruction, DNA injuries, and oxidative damage to the cellular components through reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidative damage causes chronic inflammation lead toward several chronic diseases, such as heart diseases, cancers, alcohol-related malady, muscular contraction, and neuro-pathogenesis. The present review focused on the physiological and growth-related changes in humans under Zn deficient conditions, mechanisms adopted by the human body under Zn deficiency for the proper functioning of the body systems, and the importance of nutritional and nutraceutical approaches to overcome Zn deficiency in humans and concluded that the biofortified food is the best source of Zn as compared to the chemical supplementation to avoid their negative impacts on human.
人体锌（Zn）缺乏是一个新出现的全球健康问题，影响着全球约20亿人。由于全球范围内人们摄入缺锌的谷物和蔬菜，这种情况普遍存在。人体锌缺乏的临床识别仍然存在问题，因为症状直到重要器官（如胃肠道、中枢神经系统、免疫系统、骨骼和神经系统）受损才会出现。体内锌水平降低还会导致多种生理紊乱，如细胞凋亡、器官破坏、DNA损伤以及通过活性氧（ROS）对细胞成分的氧化损伤。氧化损伤会导致慢性炎症，进而引发多种慢性疾病，如心脏病、癌症、酒精相关疾病、肌肉收缩和神经病变。本综述重点关注缺锌条件下人体的生理和生长相关变化、人体在缺锌时为使身体系统正常运作所采用的机制，以及营养和营养补充剂方法对克服人体锌缺乏的重要性，并得出结论：与化学补充剂相比，生物强化食品是锌的最佳来源，可避免其对人体产生负面影响。
